The problem of iron deficiency is urgent in many countries, regardless of the socio-economic standards of living. Among biomedical problems, the study of biochemical blood parameters is of paramount importance. A great interest in various aspects of this issue is not accidental, since the transport function of the blood largely depends on it and, consequently, the efficient delivery of oxygen, glucose, amino acids, fats, vitamins, mineral salts, hormones, mediators, antibodies and metabolites to the micro-zones in the tissues. The purpose of this article is to study the hematological status and the state of the red blood cell membrane in women of reproductive age suffering from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a combination of clinical and hematological symptoms characterized by impaired hemoglobin formation due to iron deficiency in serum and bone marrow, as well as the development of trophic disorders in the organs and tissues. During the study, a complete blood count was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using the kits produced by JSC Vector-Best, and the Kamyshnikov method. Based on the results of the study of the erythrocyte sorption capacity (ESC) in women of reproductive age with IDA, it was established that this parameter is 1.2 times higher than that in the control group. The development of anemia is associated with significant changes in the osmotic stability of the erythrocytes, which results in an increase in the proportion of both unstable and high-resistance erythrocytes. The scientific novelty of the article is that the authors established the key parameters for iron deficiency anemia detection.
Beta-carboline alkaloids show a wide range of psychopharmacological effects (for example, some beta-carboline alkaloids facilitate dopaminergic transmission and interact with dopaminergic receptors D1 and D2 in the striatum). This article presents data on neuroprotective effects of alkaloid compounds using computer simulation methods, docking-based virtual screening, and experimental pharmacology. The purpose of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective/stress-protective action of new derivatives of alkaloid compounds using the methods of computer simulation, docking-based virtual screening, and experimental pharmacology. Through ChemDraw, MGLTools programs, they have used computer modeling of the molecules of alkaloid derivatives, docking-based virtual screening, DRD2 receptor, and three-dimensional models of the ligand molecules. The binding energy of an individual conformation was used as a final result, which shows the strength of the interaction between the ligand and the target molecule. 22 compounds of alkaloids and their derivatives were studied. Virtual molecule modeling was performed for compounds and receptors, “ligand-target” molecule docking was carried out, and candidate compounds were selected. In vivo experimental studies of the neuroprotective effects of these compounds were conducted in the emotional stress model. The effects of harmine, norharmane, and guanine alkaloids on immobility time in the forced swimming test in mice, a model of depression in animals, were studied. A forced swimming test and an elevated plus-maze were used to determine the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of harmine in rats. According to the docking results, the presented molecules of alkaloid compounds showed interactions with dopamine receptorD2. The results obtained in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test showed that the animals treated with 9-methoxy-2-phenyl-11H-indolisino[8,7-β]indole, lappaconitine and cytisine at a dose of 5 mg/kg, compared to rats in the control group, experienced an anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) actionin the experimental emotional stress.
BACKGROUND: These potentially inappropriate prescribing is associated with the development of undesired medical reactions in elderly patients, and increase the frequency of hospitalizations, the number of aggravations and the cost of treatment. All of these adverse events are preventable. For detection of PIP and to prevent the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in elderly patients, it is necessary to screen for potentially inappropriate prescribing. AIM: The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of PIP and the factors associated with these prescriptions at the level primary link in Kazakhstan. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was carried out at the primary care level, in five clinics in Kazakhstan. The study involved 205 patients over 65 years old who received regular outpatient treatment for chronic diseases. Patients’ current diagnoses and prescription medicines were reviewed and the STOPP and START tools applied. RESULT: The prevalence of PIP in terms of STOPP criteria was 54% (114 patients). In general, we have identified 181 cases of PIP. The most commonly prescribed PIP were moxonidine (20%), glimeperide (16.5%), and PPI (20%). The prevalence of prescribing omissions in terms of START criteria was 22% (48 patients). Overall 66 cases of prescribing omissions were identified. The most commonly prescribed omissions were statins (6%) and ACE inhibitors (4%). Comparative analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of polymorbidity on the prevalence of PIP (p < 0.001) and number of prescribed medicines on the prevalence of PIP (p < 0.05). We have found a statistically significant effect of age on the presence of prescribing omissions of patients. (p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Our results showed a high prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing at the primary care level in Kazakhstan. Screening tools should be incorporated into the everyday practice of primary care doctors.
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