Introduction: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori as a desert tree has economic, nutritional, and medicinal properties, and is constantly encountered with drought stress. In addition, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in regulating the drought stress which induces biochemical processes is uncertain in this plant. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biochemical alternations, namely, enzymatic and osmoprotectant which are induced by ZnO-NPs in ten populations of M. peregrina under drought stress. Materials and Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from southeast of Iran in 2014. The young plants were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation (until 50% filed capacity [FC]) 40 days after germination followed by spraying 0 (as control), 0.05, and 0.1% of the ZnO-NPs. Results: The alternations of Na/K ratio, enzymes activities, and osmoprotectant content varied under drought stress depending on the M. peregrina populations. Generally, drought stress significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as proline content in untreated plants. Further, the Na/K ratio and carbohydrates content significantly decreased under the drought stress. Furthermore, ZnO-NP treatment significantly enhanced POD and PPO activities, as well as proline and carbohydrates content under both well-watered (100% FC) and drought stress conditions (50% FC), and at the concentration of 0.05% rather than 0.1%, ZnO-NPs was more effective. Conclusion: Overall, ZnO-NP treatment could effectively improve the drought tolerance by enhancing the enzymes activities and osmoprotectant content in different M. peregrina populations under drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of ZnO-NPs at 0.05% concentration could be a recommended treatment for growing different M. peregrina populations under drought stress conditions.
Introduction: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, is a nutritionally and medicinally important desert tree, which is constantly exposed to drought stress. This study was accomplished to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on M. peregrina populations through the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by monitoring some physiological and biochemical alterations. Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from the Southeast of Iran in 2014. Fourteen days after germination, the seedlings were subjected to drought stress by withholding watering until 50% field capacity (FC), followed by spraying 0.1% and 0.05% ZnO-NPs and no spraying (as control). Results: The changes of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorophylls, total phenolic content (TPC) as well as antioxidant activity under drought stress condition varied based on M. peregrina populations. Drought stress significantly reduced chlorophylls content, while it enhanced TPC and antioxidant activity. ZnO-NPs treatment significantly inhibited chlorophylls degradation under drought stress conditions. It also enhanced chlorophyll content in well-watered plants. Moreover, it was revealed that TPC and antioxidant activity of M. peregrina populations significantly increased in response to foliar application of ZnO-NPs in both drought-stressed and unstressed plants. Conclusion: Our results suggested that ZnO-NPs spray can augment drought tolerance of different populations of M. peregrina subjected to water deficit condition.
Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common heart diseases. Interventricular conduction disorders are complications of acute myocardial infarctions and have different types, such as left and right bundle branch blocks and left anterior and posterior hemiblocks. The prognosis of this disease can affect therapeutic methods, duration of hospitalization, and timely intervention decisions. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationship between interventricular conduction disorders and the prognosis of patients with ACS.Methods: Using the convenience sampling method, this analytical case-control study was conducted on 140 patients with ACS (61 patients in the case group and 79 patients in the control group) who were treated from March to August 2013. The underlying variables of the risk factors for ACS were evaluated, along with prognostic evaluation factors, in two groups: a case group (patients with interventricular conduction disorders) and a control group (patients without interventricular conduction disorders). Data were analyzed with SPSS v. 17 software using the chi-squared test, the analysis of variance test, Student’s t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of patients was 64.1 ± 5.8 years in the case group and 62.9 ± 8.8 years in the control group. No significant relationship was observed between ACS risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, and smoking, and the prognosis of patients with ACS. The mean ejection fraction was 39.7 in the case group and 45.1 in the control group, so a significant relationship existed between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, systolic heart failure was more common in the case group than in the control group.Conclusion: We found that the presence of auscultation (rales sound) and shortness of breath on the first day of hospital admission in the case group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the ejection fraction in the case group was lower than in the control group, and the frequency of mitral regurgitation in the case group was higher than in the control group. These factors can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with ACS. Finally, we found that interventricular conduction disorders weakened the prognosis of patients with ACS.
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