Recently, a valid method to assess lower-body muscle power based on a sit-to-stand field test (STS) has been published. Our study aimed to describe lower-body muscle power in older individuals aged ≥ 60 years and examine the relationship of muscle weakness with adverse events according to gender- and age-specific muscle weakness cut-off points. A total of 3689 Colombian older adults (57.6% women, age 69.1 ± 6.9 years) from the 2015 Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) participated in this study. Lower-body muscle power normalized to body mass was estimated by the five-repetitions STS test. Anthropometric, physical performance and clinical characteristics were collected. Age-specific percentiles using the LMS method, cut-off points and association with adverse events were calculated. Lower-body muscle power was greater in men than among women (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5 W·kg−1, respectively; p < 0.001) at all ages. Muscle power ranked in the 50th percentile between 2.38 and 1.30 W·kg−1 in men, whereas women ranked between 1.79 and 1.21 W·kg−1. According to the cut-off points, lower-limb muscle power < 1 standard deviation in men was associated with having dynapenia, poor gait speed, cognitive impairment and mental, visual, hearing and memory problems. While, women were associated with having sarcopenia, dynapenia, poor gait speed, cognitive impairment, mental, hearing and memory problems, dementia and hospitalizations of > 24 h in the last year. Overall, participants with poor lower-limb muscle power had a significantly higher risk of adverse events [in men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.91, p < 0.001; in women: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.27–1.87, p = 0.001] than their stronger counterparts. This study is the first to describe lower-limb muscle power values and cut-off points among a nationally representative sample of Colombian older adults. In men, 7 of the 14 adverse events studied were associated with lower muscle strength, whereas in women, it was 9 of the 14 adverse events.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint condition. It affects more than 300 million people worldwide, who suffer from pain and physical disability. Objective: To determine the results of cognitive educational interventions for pain management and psychosocial variables in adults with OA. Method: A systematic review was conducted based on searches in MEDLINE, OVID, LILACS, Scopus, PEDro, OTseeker, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. The search strategy included the main terms neuroscience education and osteoarthritis, without any re-strictions with regard to dates or study type (PROSPERO register CRD42021222763). Results: We included four articles that implemented the intervention in 1–6 sessions, addressing concepts related to goal orientation and providing strategies for understanding pain. The results suggest that there is an improvement between the groups (PNE) when compared, but this cannot necessarily be attributed to pain neuroscience education (PNE), as small effect sizes for variables such as pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia were observed. The response in the modulation of acute pain following the surgical procedure may produce a variation in the responses and this may be mediated by medications. Conclusion: The study revealed an improvement in favor of the groups managed with PNE, although more studies documenting the topic are warranted.
Purpose To measure the effects of an exercise program on the physical capacities of older adults such as strength, flexibility, balance, and aerobic capacity. Patients and Methods This was a quasi-experimental study on a population of 5550 older adults and a sample of 4830 participants in an active aging program designed by the Municipal Health Secretary. The exercise program lasted 12 months, and pre-and post-program intervention measures were recorded using the senior fitness test. Results Most participants were women (92.4%) and their mean age was 70.7 years (standard deviation, 7.3 years; range, 60–97 years). All areas showed significant differences before and after the program in terms of the participants’ physical capabilities ( p < 0.05), muscular strength and flexibility had a more significant mean difference and a large effect (>0.80), except for aerobic capacity, which had a small effect. Conclusion The present study revealed that a supervised physical exercise program at the community level has positive effects on the physical capacities of coordination, balance, flexibility, strength, and aerobic capacity, which are essential components for a better functional capacity at this stage of life, with improvements that encompassed the improved self-perception of their health status, a reduction of overweight and obesity. The reinforcement of these programs is recommended, consequently, promoting pre-sport games and sports championships among the elderly population, as a public health strategy.
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