RESUMENEste documento presenta el diseño e implementación de un módulo experimental de difracción de la luz para un laboratorio remoto, donde se propone un método novedoso para encontrar las distancias del máximo central a los mínimos secundarios del patrón de difracción utilizando las herramientas que proporciona el procesamiento digital de imágenes y la visión por computador. Para la construcción del módulo se utilizó un diodo láser rojo de punto con longitud de onda de 650nm y un sistema de tres rendijas simples y una circular. Para la adquisición de los datos experimentales se utilizó una cámara web Microsoft LifeCam Studio para realizar la captura del patrón de difracción. El software empleado fue LabVIEW TM que se encarga de la captura, el procesamiento y la comunicación entre el servidor y la interfaz. Además, se contactó a la Institución Educativa Matecaña del municipio de Pereira, donde los estudiantes de grado diez y once y los docentes del área de física realizaron el laboratorio en sus salas de sistemas utilizando las TICs como herramientas educativas para el desarrollo de esta práctica. El error en la medición de cada una de las rendijas no supera el 5%.Palabras clave: Difracción de la luz; Laboratorio remoto; Procesamiento digital de imágenes; Rendijas; TICs. ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design and implementation of an experimental module diffraction of light to a remote laboratory, where a new method is proposed to find the distances from the central maximum to the secondary minimum of the diffraction pattern using the tools provided by digital image processing and computer vision. For the construction of the module has been used a red dot laser diode with 650nm wavelength and a system of three single slits and a circular slit. For the acquisition of experimental data a webcam Microsoft LifeCam has been used to capture the diffraction pattern. The software used was LabVIEW TM which is responsible for the capture, processing and communication between the server and the interface. Furthermore, the Institución Matecaña, an Educational Institution from the municipality of Pereira, implemented the laboratory in their computer rooms by students from tenth and eleventh grade and teachers of the areas of physics, using TICs as educational tools for the development of this practice. The error in the measurement of each of the slits does not exceed 5%.
This paper presents the development of a methodology to detect the percentage of affected area of Phytophthora infestans disease in tomato plants, using digital image processing techniques to extract the regions of interest with color analysis, where the YIQ and TSL models for the detection of the disease. The method consists of solving one of the most common problems in images that is segmentation, in this case the background and the disease with the Plant Village database, which was captured under uncontrolled lighting conditions. In the experiments conducted, it is observed that our method achieved a performance of 98.60% for the detection of healthy pixels and 98.17% in detection of sick pixels. This process was subjected to comparison against other alternatives of the state of the art like K-means with HSV and LAB, showing a referred error regarding the leaf size of 4.32 ± 5.44% in the detection of the disease and a computational time of 0.03 ± 0.01 [s] in comparison with the other procedures, in addition, this methodology was implemented to detect the foliar diseases black Sigatoka and yellow Sigatoka in banana leaves obtaining satisfactory results.
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