In the study of mysticism the debate has centered on whether a universal experiential core exists regardless of religious interpretation. The current investigation combines Jamesian empiricist and social constructivist perspectives to argue that stable experiential facets load variously on factors to construct local interpretations. Local interpretations reflect a family resemblance-a mystical common core experienced across cultures. Results of confirmatory factor analyses, based on data from 240 Tibetan Buddhist adults, suggest statistical model fit and superiority for the three-factor model compared to the unidimensional model. Pure experience can be distinguished explicitly from its context-specific hermeneutical construal.
Multiple gateways are required in large satellite constellation networks (LSCNs) with inter-satellite links (ISLs), and their placement may greatly affect the system performance. Gateway placement can be optimized to achieve better network performance under the non-uniform ground demand distribution. This paper formulates a gateway placement optimization model for LSCN with ISLs, aiming at achieving an optimal overall performance including delay, traffic peak, and load balance. The constraints of potential gateway location, gateway-satellite connectivity, and max hop-count are considered. A genetic algorithm (GA)-based method is proposed to solve the integer optimization problem with the help of quasi-evenly distributed reference layout. A Starlink-like constellation with ISLs is adopted in the simulation. The simulation results show that the optimized layout has better performance than the reference layout. Additionally, the locations with high user demand or at the middle of ocean are preferred by gateways. The network performance is jointly influenced by gateway placement, demand distribution, constellation configuration, node, and link capacities. The abnormally high ISL hop-count is found in the south Indian Ocean, which is caused by constellation and ISL configuration.
Virtual Node (VN) method is widely adopted to handle satellite network topological dynamics. However, conventional VN method is insufficient when earth rotation and interplane phase difference are considered. An improved VN method based on Celestial Sphere Division is proposed to overcome the defects of the conventional method. An optimized inter-satellite link connecting mode is derived to achieve maximal available links. The optimal VN division solution and addressing scheme are designed to generate a nearly static virtual network and solve the asynchronous switches caused by inter-plane phase difference. Comparison results demonstrate the advantages of proposed method.
In this paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station (via clusterheads). This paper focuses on reducing the power consumption of wireless sensor networks. Firstly, we proposed an Energy-balanced Clustering Routing Algorithm called LEACH-L, which is suitable for a large scope wireless sensor network. Secondly, optimum hop-counts are deduced. Lastly, optimum position of transmitting node is estimated. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network lifetime by up to 80% before first node dies in the network. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves higher performance than the existing clustering algorithms such as LEACH, LEACH-M.
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