Cryopreserving ovarian tissue followed by transplantation has been suggested to preserve fertility for young cancer survivors. However, ischemia in the early stage after transplantation causes massive follicle loss. The aim was to investigate the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the frozen-thawed human fetal ovarian tissue after xenotransplantation and the effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) on the angiogenesis. The human fetal ovarian tissues were frozen-thawed, xenografted into the immunodeficient nu/nu mice, and then collected 2, 7, and 28 days after transplantation. SM was administered. Compared with that of the frozen-thawed ovarian tissue, the total follicle number of the grafts was greatly reduced. Nearly half of the primordial follicles were damaged at different levels on day 2. Moreover, edema was prevalent in the stroma during the first week after the graft, especially on day 2. The microvessel density of the grafts was increased on day 2, reached a peak on day 7, and then declined on day 28. Both healthy primordial follicle proportion and the total healthy primordial follicles pool in the SM group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P ¼ 0.003 and P ¼ 0.001). We found a statistically significant difference of microvessel density between the two groups on day 2 (P < 0.001). In the frozenthawed fetal ovarian grafts, angiogenesis has been begun on day 2, and the first week is the critical time for the grafts to regain their function, in which SM can facilitate graft vascularization and improve the preservation of primordial follicles. Anat Rec, 293:2154Rec, 293: -2162
Although the preparation of coal-based carbon nanotubes
(CNTs)
has been realized in many studies, the relationship between carbon
source structure of coal and CNT growth has not been studied in depth.
In this study, we used lignite and KOH as raw material and catalyst
and tuned lignite structure via hydrothermal modification to promote
the formation of CNTs during catalytic pyrolysis. The main carbon
source of CNTs was explored from the change of coal structure and
pyrolysis characteristics. The results indicate that the CNT yield
of lignite pyrolysis products is only 2.39%, but the CNT yield increases
significantly after lignite was hydrothermally modified in a subcritical
water–CO system. The graphitization degree, the order degree,
and CNT content increase continuously with the increase in modification
temperature, and C-M340 has the highest CNT content of
9.41%. Hydromodification promotes the rearrangement of aromatic carbon
structures to generate more condensed aromatic rings linked by short
aliphatic chains and aromatic ether bonds. The variation of these
structures correlates well with the formation of CNTs and leads to
the change in the carbon source components released during coal pyrolysis.
Compared to lignite, modified coal releases more aromatic compounds,
especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with ≥3 rings and
phenols during catalytic pyrolysis, which is conducive to the transformation
into carbon clusters and provides carbon sources for CNT growth. In
addition, modified coal releases a slightly more carbon-containing
gas (CH4 and CO) than lignite, which has a limited effect
on the growth of CNTs. This study provides a novel and efficient method
for enhancing the growth of CNTs by a molecular tailoring strategy
of coal.
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