Introduction
To evaluate the 6-month efficacy and safety of 650 nm low-level red light (LLRL) for myopia control in children.
Methods
This was a single-center, single-masked randomized controlled trial. A total of 224 children aged 6–12 years with spherical equivalent error (SER) of − 6 diopter (D) to − 0.5 D were enrolled, and were randomized to LLRL group or control group. Children in the LLRL group underwent treatment twice daily, each lasting for 3 min, there was an interval of at least 4 h between treatments. Children in both groups were allowed to wear single-vision spectacles; no additional intervention was given to the control. The primary outcomes included change in cycloplegic SER and change in axial length (AL) during 6 months.
Results
The median 6-month changes in AL of the LLRL and control groups were − 0.06 mm (interquartile range, IQR − 0.15, 0) and 0.14 mm (IQR 0.07, 0.22), respectively. The difference between groups was significant (
Z
= 10.021,
p
< 0.001). The median 6-month changes in SER were 0.125 D (IQR 0, 0.375) and − 0.25 D (IQR − 0.5, 0) for the LLRL and control groups, respectively. The difference between groups was significant (
Z
= 8.827,
p
< 0.001). Compared with the control, the proportion of children with hyperopic shift in the LLRL group was higher (51.65% vs. 3.41%,
p
< 0.001), and the proportion of children with shortened AL in the LLRL group was higher (63.74% vs. 2.27%,
p
< 0.001). No adverse event was observed.
Conclusion
650 nm LLRL significantly slowed down the myopia progression in children aged 6–12 years, and there was no observable side effect in the short term.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40123-022-00585-w.
Background
Although immunoglobulin E (IgE) increases significantly in tears and serum during seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), it is unclear whether tear total IgE can reflect the severity and prognosis of SAC more accurately than serum total IgE. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of measuring the total IgE in tears to evaluate the severity and determine the treatment of SAC.
Methods
This prospective, nonrandomized study involved 55 patients with SAC and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Serum and tears were collected before and after treatment to analyze the total IgE. SAC patients received the same topical anti‐allergy treatment and were followed‐up every 2 weeks for 1 month. The relationship of tear and serum total IgE concentrations with pollen concentrations and symptom severity before and after treatment was assessed.
Results
The total IgE concentration in tears was higher in SAC patients than in healthy participants with significant correlations between tear and serum total IgE concentrations. The total IgE concentration in tears, but not in serum, correlated with the pollen concentration and severity of ocular symptoms and reactions in SAC. Treatment‐associated improvements in symptoms and reactions in SAC correlated with decreased concentrations of the tear total IgE. Patients with disease recurrence following treatment demonstrated significantly higher tear total IgE concentrations than patients with no recurrence.
Conclusion
The total tear IgE level can indicate the severity and predict the prognosis of SAC more accurately than the serum total IgE.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.