The present paper contends that children with learning disabilities are better served when assessment and intervention are conceptualized within an ecological neuropsychology perspective than within the traditional deficit model perspective, which is the predominant approach to intervention in medical and educational settings. The deficit method conceptualizes problems as within the child, and the major consequence of this approach is that little time is spent analyzing the learning environment or other systems that might impact the child's ability to be successful in an academic setting. Therefore, rehabilitation efforts have had limited success. In contrast, ecological neuropsychology is a strength-based approach that considers the child, as well as the systems within which he/she interacts, when assessing, diagnosing, and intervening with students who are experiencing learning difficulties.

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The detection of cognitive patterns in children with learning disabilities (LD) has been a priority in the identification process. Subtest profile analysis from traditional cognitive assessment has drawn sharp criticism for inaccurate identification and weak connections to educational planning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use a new generation of cognitive tests with megacluster analysis to augment diagnosis and the instructional process.The Cognitive Assessment System uses a contemporary theoretical model in which composite scores, instead of subtest scores, are used for profile analysis. Ten core profiles from a regular education sample ( N = 1,692) and 12 profiles from a sample of students with LD ( N = 367) were found. The majority of the LD profiles were unique compared with profiles obtained from the general education sample. The implications of this study substantiate the usefulness of profile analysis on composite scores as a critical element in LD determination.

In order to increase reading fluency, a research-based tutoring method using repeated reading was implemented over a 10-week period with two second-grade students. Two high school students were trained to be the tutors. In addition, one parent and one older sibling were trained to repeat the tutoring process at night. Treatment integrity was monitored through observation and tutor contact. The six, 30-minute sessions per week were associated with significant increases in sight word vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. Limitations, future research directions, and implications for practice are discussed further.

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A comprehensive evaluation of the PADDS indicated that it can be a useful and efficient instrument. It attempts to integrate parent and teacher ratings and three executive functioning tasks together to strengthen the diagnosis of ADHD. The strength of the PADDS is in having multiple sources of data in one system and being able to provide stepwise calculations of likelihood ratios. Thus, it is easy for the clinician to understand the cumulative effects, whether positive or negative. This tool exhibits potential for the field, though psychometric studies and analyses need to be completed to further establish its effectiveness and accuracy in the identification of children with ADHD.