Aim:To assess the role of periodontal health in oral malodor causation and compare the two methods (organoleptic and Halimeter) of malodor measurement.Materials and Methods:A total of 240 subjects (60 subjects without any evidence of periodontal disease and 180 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis) were evaluated for periodontal and oral malodor parameters. Periodontal parameters included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), mSBI, calculus component of OHIS, pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), and oral malodor was assessed by organoleptic scores, Halimeter readings, and Tongue Coating Index (TCI).Results:80% of the sample when assessed organoleptically (i.e. 192 subjects) and 74.6% when assessed with Halimeter (i.e. 179 subjects) presented with varying degrees of halitosis. All the clinical parameters were significantly associated with oral malodor (P < 0.001). The amount of tongue coating and bleeding on probing played the most important role in increasing VSC concentration, followed by periodontal status, plaque indices, and calculus component.Conclusion:There was a high prevalence of halitosis in the present study population. All the clinical parameters were significantly related to oral malodor in this study, and the results indicate that determining VSC levels with Halimeter is a useful means of diagnosing halitosis objectively.
BackgroundIntraprostatic inflammation is frequently observed in the prostate and linked to prostatic diseases, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and cancer. The etiology of prostate diseases is unclear. Periodontal diseases are associated with an increased risk of prostate diseases. In men, chronic prostatitis and moderate/severe periodontitis have significantly elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Treatment of periodontal disease reduced PSA levels in men. The presence of periodontal pathogens deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was identified in the prostate fluid of prostatitis patients. These pathogenic bacteria might have the potential to trigger prostatitis progressing to prostatic adenocarcinoma. The mechanism(s) explaining the etiology of association between periodontal disease and prostate cancer remains unclear. However, the presence of periodontal pathogens has not been analyzed in the prostate gland.
ObjectiveTo identify and compare the presence of specific periodontal pathogens in the areas of BPH, inflammation, and cancer of the prostate glands diagnosed with malignancy.
(1) Background: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of laser therapy on radiographic bone level (RBL) changes in peri-implantitis defects. (2) Methods: A literature search with defined inclusion criteria was performed. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through September 2020. The evaluated primary outcomes were RBL changes. In studies that reported RBL data, corresponding secondary clinical outcomes were probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). (3) Results: Thirteen articles were selected for data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Eight studies showed evidence of RBL gain in the laser groups compared to baseline, but did not report the statistical significance. Eight of these 13 studies reported comparisons to control. Five of the eight studies did not show RBL gain in the laser groups compared to control. In the laser groups compared to baseline, 11 of 13 reported reduced PD, and 6 of 13 reported significantly reduced BOP. Compared to the control, eight of the eight reported reduction of PD, and three of six reported significantly reduced BOP. Statistical significance was not consistently reported. (4) Conclusions: Within the limits of this systematic review, laser treatment may promote bone gain in peri-implantitis defects, may reduce BOP and PDs, and may be comparable to mechanical therapy. However, definitive conclusions can only be made with statistically significant data, which were found lacking in the currently available studies. This systematic review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research, international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020207972.
Dental implants are being increasingly used in dentistry. Millions of implants are being placed on a yearly basis around the world by dental surgeons. These implants support restorations ranging from a single crown to a denture. There are significant costs associated with implant supported restorations. The advent of peri-implant diseases threatens the survival and maintenance of implant supported restorations leading to significant impact on the sustainability of such restorations while affecting the patient's functionality. This review article discusses the current concepts, as well as the etiopathological and treatment considerations related to peri-implant diseases.
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