The aim of this paper is to describe the shifting of halal certification system in Indonesia, which previously tended to be society-centric towards state-centric. The needs of domestic consumers for a legally strong halal assurance system and the spread of global halal trend encourage the birth of Law Number 33 of 2014. The law makes halal certification compulsory rather than voluntary, in which the control conducted by the arrangements of LPPOM MUI is shifted to the superintendence of the Ministry of Religion through Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH)/ Halal Product Guarantee Agency. This research uses a qualitative method, in which the data gathered from semi-structured interviews and studies of literature. The research result shows that the system of state-centric halal certification has more benefits than that of the society-centric system that was previously applied in Indonesia. However, it could not be proven yet since the new system has not been implemented and the supporting infrastructures have not actually been ready to operate.
With the impending threat of global climate change, the past decades have witnessed an increasing recognition of the potential contribution of indigenous knowledge to tackling global challenges of environmental sustainability. In this study, we used a qualitative analysis of data collected in September 2018 from key informant interviews and focus group discussion sessions in the Baduy communities in western Java to examine how their swidden cultivation, pest control and rice preservation techniques contribute to strengthening the sustainability of their livelihoods. The study also examines the potential for knowledge sharing between Baduy indigenous knowledge holders and outside scientific communities for mutual enhancement. Our analysis of collected data indicates that while the Baduy are open to sharing their ecological knowledge with outsiders for the sake of a greater environment protection, they remain wary of adopting external knowledge sources, as these external influences constitute a threat of disruption to their own epistemic system and way of life.
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