Nowadays, uncontrollable spending habit towards Malaysian young generations are becoming progressively. They have a tendency to have less value of money compared to the elder generations in spending their money. Since the cost of living in Malaysia has improved remarkably, the young generations enjoyed spending their money heavenly, therefore Malaysia faced changes in lifestyle and spending trend. This study proposes to investigate the relationship between money attitude and socio-demographic as determinants of college students’ spending behaviours. As such, the correlation between money attitude factors (power-prestige, distrust, retention-time and anxiety) and spending behaviours among Malaysian college students is a topic worthy of further exploration. At the same time, this study also attempts to explore whether college students’ spending behaviours are affected by their socio-demographic factors such as gender, age. The sample of this study consists of 176 students from three different universities in the Shah Alam area i.e University Selangor (UNISEL), University Management Science (MSU) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UiTM). The regression analysis showed that there were only two factors of money attitude (power-prestige, and anxiety) that had a significant effect on spending behaviour among these universities’ students. However, from the analysis, it can be revealed that none of the socio-demographic factors had a significance (more than 0.05) towards the spending behaviour of the students. Thus, age (positive result) is the most influenced factor of the students’ spending behaviour. Consequently, several suggestions have been put forward and hoped that it will assist students in managing their fund effectively
Employee retention (ER) has become the primary concern of organizations regardless of any industry and countries. The prosperous and the sustainability of the organization very much depend on the ability to retain their talented employees. Hence, this study attempts to understand the role of communication satisfaction (CS), procedural justice (PJ), and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in employee retention. Furthermore, the study would like to identify if ER relates to the dependent variables. 195 academicians in a private university in Selangor, Malaysia joined in this survey. The variables in the questionnaire adapted from previous related studies and simple random sampling used to select respondent.Meanwhile, the Structural Equation Modelling using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach uses as the method of analyzing data. Furthermore, a bootstrapping procedure with 1000 resamples was run to generate the t-values in order to estimate the structural model. The result indicated that CS and PJ influence ER and the bootstrapping analysis showed that there is an indirect effect between CS and ER as well as between PJ and ER. Thus the study recommended that employers must support and practice CS and PJ in the work environment. As a result, the relationship becomes closer and subsequently reduces the likelihood of employees to leave the organization.
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