Abstract-The main objective of the present study is to develop a coastal vulnerability index (CVI) for the Peninsular Malaysia coastline. This study incorporated six variables to assess the CVI for the study area. These six variables consist of geomorphology, shoreline change rate, maximum current speed, maximum tidal range, significant wave height and sea level rise. The ranking is on a linear scale from 1 to 5 in order of increasing vulnerability; value 1 represents the lowest risk ranking assigned to the coastline whereas value 5 ranks the coastline with the highest risk. A total of 1963 km of coastline was evaluated and of this, 3.3% of the mapped shoreline is classified as being extreme vulnerability, 11% of Peninsular Malaysia shoreline is classified as very high vulnerability and 40 % as high vulnerability. The implementation of the Management Plan would dependent on the co-operations of the government departments and agencies, private sector and the public.Index Terms-Coastal vulnerability index, wave height, beach materials, current speed, back shore.
Sand bypassing is one of the promising solutions to rectify jetty-induced coastal erosion. Estimating alongshore sediment transport rate and understanding hydrodynamic conditions at a jetty are crucial for successful downdrift erosion management. This research investigated three major jetties in Thailand (Cha Am jetty, Krai jetty, and Na Saton jetty) that protrude across the surf zone and completely intercept alongshore sediment transport. Sub-aerial and inter-tidal field surveys by Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technique were undertaken in 2019 and 2020. The collected data was processed and overlaid to calculate the amount of sediment deposition at the updrift jetty. Numerical simulations using MIKE21 SW and MIKE21 HD were carried out in order to understand how waves and water currents interacted with the jetties. From the results, we found that the Cha Am jetty trapped approximately 38,187 cu.m/yr of the alongshore sediment. While the Krai jetty intercepted approximately 34,170 cu.m/yr of the alongshore drift, and approximately 65,951 cu.m/yr of longshore sediment transport was blocked by the Na Saton jetty. Such estimated amounts of deposited sediment are the quantities that should be bypassed at each jetty. Budgets and implementation plans for sand bypassing can be prepared. Decision makers can decide how to manage updrift deposition and downdrift erosion.
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