Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis (0, 5, 10 e 15%) de bagaço de mandioca à dieta de 12 vacas mestiças leiteiras Holandês x Zebu (composição racial com variação de ¼ a ¾ de sangue H x Z) com 478,5kg de peso corporal médio e com 100 a 150 dias de lactação, distribuídas em três Quadrados Latinos 4 x 4. Foi avaliado o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), carboidratos totais (CHT), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). Forneceu-se silagem de capim-elefante como fonte de volumoso. As relações volumoso:concentrado utilizadas foram de 65,19:34,81; 61,59:38,41; 59,08:40,92 e 54,76:45,24. Formularam-se as dietas isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas. Houve aumento linear do consumo de MS, MO, PB, CHT, CNF e NDT, efeito quadrático do consumo de EE e redução do consumo de FDA com o aumento do BM, enquanto o consumo de FDN não diferiu entre os tratamentos.O bagaço de mandioca pode ser utilizado até o nível de 15% de inclusão na dieta total de vacas mestiças leiteiras sem trazer transtornos fisiológicos ou nutricionais aos animais.
The addition of 0; 5; 10 and 15% cassava bagasse, based on the dry matter of the total diet of crossbred Holstein v. Zebu cows, was evaluated on milk production and composition and on the impacts of diet costs. The animals, weighing an average of 478.5 kg, were in the middle third lactation period. Diet with 15% cassava bagasse provided a 13.2% increase in production when compared to control. Feed conversion had a quadratic effect with minimum point at 4.2% of cassava bagasse inclusion. Crude protein, the only milk component that changed, increased linearly with the inclusion of cassava bagasse levels. Treatment with 15% cassava bagasse caused a more effective operational cost (42.8% higher when compared to control) and the highest leveling point for milk production and price. The lowest leveling points were treatments with 5 and 10% inclusion of cassava bagasse, which had the best economic results. Concentrates caused cost increase, particularly when roughage : concentrate ratio decreased due to higher cassava bagasse inclusion levels.Produção de leite e avaliação econômica da utilização de bagaço de mandioca na alimentação de vacas leiteiras RESUMO. Estudou-se o efeito da inclusão de 0; 5; 10 e 15% de bagaço de mandioca, com base na matéria seca da dieta total de vacas mestiças Holandesas vs. Zebu, sobre a produção e composição do leite e sobre os impactos no custo da alimentação. Os animais estavam no terço médio de lactação e pesavam em média 478,5 kg. A dieta com 15% de bagaço de mandioca acrescentou 13,2% à produção, comparada à dieta controle. A conversão alimentar apresentou efeito quadrático com ponto mínimo em 4,2% de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca. A proteína bruta, único componente do leite que sofreu alteração, aumentou linearmente com os níveis de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca. O tratamento com 15% de bagaço de mandioca representou maior custo operacional efetivo (42,8% mais elevado em relação ao tratamento controle) e o maior ponto de nivelamento para a produção e preço do leite. Observaram-se os menores pontos de nivelamento para os tratamentos com 5 e 10% de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca, os quais apresentaram melhores resultados econômicos. O concentrado foi o principal responsável pela elevação dos custos, particularmente, quando ocorre a redução da razão volumoso : concentrado em função dos maiores teores de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca.Palavras-chave: composição do leite, conversão alimentar, custo, leite de vaca, receita.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing diet of lambs with agroindustrial co-products on the nutritional quality of meat fat and study the variation of fat quality parameters based on the type of muscle. Twenty lambs were distributed into four experimental groups and fed a control diet or diets containing cottonseed, sunflower meal, and castor cake. After 106 experimental days, the animals were slaughtered. Samples of Biceps femoris, Longissimus dorsi, Semimembranosus, and Triceps brachii muscles were taken for fatty acid and cholesterol analyses. Castor cake and sunflower meal diets produced meats with lower levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared with the control diet. Castor cake diet contributed to tissue reduction of n-3 PUFA. Lower conjugated linoleic acid concentration and polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid (P:S) ratio and higher saturated fatty acids content and Thrombogenicity Index were observed in Longissimus dorsi meat. Of the co-products studied, although castor cake diet reduced cholesterol levels in Biceps femoris muscle, sunflower meal was identified as the preferred choice for lamb feeding, since it reduced n-6 PUFA without, however, decreasing n-3 PUFA. Longissimus dorsi meat had the lowest fat quality indexes. The more oxidative muscles, such as Biceps femoris, tend to generate meats with higher cholesterol concentrations.
The lemongrass (Lippia alba quimiotipo II; Verbenaceae), a plant species that is part of the list of medicinal plants of the program Live Pharmacy of Ceará, has in its leaves essential oil rich in citral, which accounts for its anxiolytic property. The accomplishment of the present research will aim at the implementation of a new pharmaceutical form based on lemongrass in “Farmácias Vivas” that can be used for the treatment of anxiety. This oil will be obtained by hydrodistillation method. The base of the tablet will consist of lactose, cellulose, alcohol, 10% starch solution and L. alba essential oil. The granulate was evaluated by the apparent density, compacted density, Hausner Ratio, Carr Index, resting angle, flow velocity, organoleptic property and humidity. The obtained mixture presents adequate flowability according to the analysis parameters. The tablet was evaluated by weight average, hardness, friability, disintegration and thin layer chromatography.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of agroindustrial co-products in the diet of lambs on the performance and nutritional quality of meat fat. Twenty lambs were distributed into four experimental groups: control diet (C) or diets containing cottonseed (CS), sunflower meal (SFM), and castor cake (CC). During the experimental period, data on dry matter consumption (DMC) and total weight gain (TWG) were collected. After slaughter, samples of Logissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken for fatty acids and cholesterol analysis. Diets C and CS provided similar characteristics of fat quality and animal performance. However, SFM and CC diets tend to form isolated groups, with different fat and performance characteristics. The SFM diet results in meat with a higher saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content. The CC diet is related to improved performance characteristics and lower cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of CC in the experimental diets provided, in the proportions used in this experiment, better characteristics of animal performance and meat fat quality.
RESUMOO presente estudo registrou o padrão biométrico dos equinos de tração da cidade de Itapetinga. Avaliou-se 38 animais, dentre estes 16 machos e 22 fêmeas da espécie equina, mensurados, entre setembro e dezembro de 2011. Foram realizadas as seguintes mensurações: largura de peito, perímetro de canela, perímetro torácico, largura de garupa, altura de cernelha. Foi calculado o peso estimado do animal. A partir destas mensurações calculou-se três índices zootécnicos: Índice de Compacidade 1; Índice de Compacidade 2 e Índice de Conformação. A média de peso estimado encontrada para a população foi de 342,95±54,72 kg. As médias correspondentes para os machos em relação à altura de cernelha, largura de peito, largura de garupa, perímetro torácico e perímetro
The physicochemical characteristics of the meat from lambs fed diets containing whole or disintegrated cottonseed, associated or not with calcium lignosulfonate (LignoCaSO3), were evaluated. Thirty non-castrated Dorper x Santa Inês lambs, with an average of 24.9 ± 3.6 kg and four months of age were confined for 60 days in collective stalls and distributed in a completely randomized design with six replications. After slaughter, by means of contrasts, the averages of the parameters of the semimembranous and semitendinosus muscles were analyzed. The cottonseed increased cooking loss and ash, and reduced muscle weight, water holding capacity and red intensity. The disintegration of the cottonseed reduced the shear force in diets without LignoCaSO3, increased the protein and the loss by cooking and reduced the pH in the diets with the additive. The luminosity values increased with the disintegration of the cottonseed in diets with and without LignoCaSO3. The addition of LignoCaSO3 increased the weight of the muscle, protein, ash, pH, shear strength and the intensity of red. Moisture, lipids and yellow intensity were not influenced by the diets. Even changing the physical-chemical characteristics, the cottonseed with or without LignoCaSO3 does not change the quality of the meat
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