Abstract:The Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus is recorded for the first time in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, thus filling a gap of 567 km in its distribution. A specimen of the scorpion was collected in the urban area of the municipality of Santa Maria (29°43′51.31″ S, 053°48′5.74″ W) on 31 June 2014. A map was generated with the points of occurrence of the species in the state.

Rondonops biscutatus is a Iphisini species known from the southwestern portion of the Brazilian Amazon forest, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia. In this study, we report the second known locality for the species in Mato Grosso, extending the distribution of the species approximately 545 km.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which permits reproduction, adaptation, and distribution provided the original author and source are credited. AbstractAlthough Chironius brazili Hamdan and Fernandes, 2015 was recently described, its occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, has been discussed for at least three decades. In this work, we evaluate the occurrence of C. brazili in Rio Grande do Sul, presenting three new records, a distribution extension and comments in its available literature records. In the Pampa biome, all records are near areas of Atlantic Forest, in grassywoody steppes with gallery forest, in western Rio Grande do Sul. Our records suggest that C. brazili might occur in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay and adjacent areas to the Western portion of Rio Grande do Sul.

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Here we describe an anatomically divergent wood-boring bivalve belonging to the family Teredinidae. Specimens were collected off the coast of Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, in February 2018, from sunken driftwood at a depth of less than 2 m. A combination of characteristics differentiates these specimens from members of previously named teredinid genera and species. Most notable among these include: an enlarged cephalic hood which extends across the posterior slope of the shell valves and integrates into the posterior adductor muscle; a unique structure, which we term the 'cephalic collar', formed by protruding folds of the mantle immediately ventral to the foot and extending past the posterior margin of the valves; a large globular stomach located entirely posterior to the posterior adductor muscle and extending substantially beyond the posterior gape of the valves; an elongate crystalline style and style sac extending from the base of the foot, past the posterior adductor muscle, to the posteriorly located stomach; calcareous pallets distinct from those of described genera; a prominently flared mantle collar which extends midway along the stalk of the pallets; and, separated siphons that bear a pigmented pinstripe pattern with highly elaborate compound papillae on the incurrent siphon aperture. We used Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) to build a virtual 3D anatomical model of this organism, confirming the spatial arrangement of the structures described above. Phylogenetic analysis of the small (18S) and large (28S) nuclear rRNA gene sequences, place this bivalve within the Teredindae on a branch well differentiated from previously named genera and species. We propose the new genus and speciesTamilokus mabinia to accommodate these organisms, raising the total number of genera in this economically and environmentally important family to 16. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Micro-CT for anatomical description of a systematically challenging group of bivalves whose highly derived body plans are differentiated predominantly by soft tissue PeerJ reviewing PDF | (Manuscript to be reviewed adaptations rather than features of calcareous hard-parts.PeerJ reviewing PDF | Abstract 17 Here we describe an anatomically divergent wood-boring bivalve belonging to the family 18 Teredinidae. Specimens were collected off the coast of Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, in 19 February 2018, from sunken driftwood at a depth of less than 2 m. A combination of 20 characteristics differentiates these specimens from members of named teredinid genera and 21 species. Most notable among these include: an enlarged cephalic hood which extends across the 22 posterior slope of the shell valves and integrates into the posterior adductor muscle; a unique PeerJ reviewing PDF | (Manuscript to be reviewed 23 structure, which we term the 'cephalic collar', formed by protruding folds of the mantle 24 immediately ventral to the foot and extending past the posterior margin of the valves; a large 25 globular stomach located entirely posterior to t...

Hydrops martii is a poorly known water snake of the tribe Hydropsini, which has been extensively found across northern South America. In this study, we present the first record in Amapá, based on a single specimen from the municipality of Macapá (0.0333, -51.0666), in the tropical moist broad-leafed forests of northern Brazil. This record extends the species range ca 195 km north from its nearest known record, on Marajó Island, in Pará, in the same ecoregion.

Theraphosinae is the most diverse subfamily of Theraphosidae spiders, but their evolutionary history remains unresolved to date. This problem is common in taxonomic groups with phylogenetic hypotheses that have often been based only on qualitative morphological characters and, rarely, on molecular analyses. Phylogenomics has significantly contributed to the understanding of the evolution of many non-model groups, such as spiders. Herein, we employed ultraconserved elements (UCEs) phylogenomics to propose a new hypothesis for a group of Theraphosinae genera, namely Lasiodoriforms: Vitalius, Lasiodora, Eupalaestrus, Pterinopelma, Proshapalopus, and Nhandu. We propose three genera and their respective morphological diagnoses are provided. Our phylogeny supports the transfer of species from the genus Vitalius to Pterinopelma and Proshapalopus and from Proshapalopus to Eupalaestrus. Finally, we describe a new species of Vitalius from Southern Brazil. Based on these three new generic descriptions and transferred species, the Lasiodoriform tarantulas comprise nine genera from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and the genus Vitalius now includes seven species.