Polymer flooding is an enhanced recovery method applied to reduce the mobility of the aqueous phase, improving the oil sweep efficiency in the reservoir. However, the handling of the produced water in offshore environments is hampered by the limited platform space. Environmental issues also impede this produced water containing chemical additives from being discarded directly into the sea. In this way, it is essential designing the polymers flooding to offshore environments aiming to increase the oil recovery factor while the total injected/produced polymer solution is minimized.This work consisted of a laboratorial study aiming to evaluate and optimize the enhanced oil recovery method through the injection of polymer solution applied to offshore carbonate reservoirs. The polymer was continuously injected as a secondary oil recovery method and the results were compared with a conventional waterflooding. The polymer solutions were designed using a partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide, and the porous medium was represented by carbonate rocks (coquina).The displacement tests indicated that the polymer plays a fundamental role in increasing oil sweep efficiency and anticipating oil production. Although the injection of polymer solution has achieved a final oil recovery factor higher than that obtained with the conventional waterflooding, the maximum oil increment was established for a particular injected pore volume, from of which the addition of polymer to the recovery fluid is not justified.The results obtained in this work can contribute to the planning and customization of a polymer flooding applied to carbonate reservoirs. The determination of an optimum volume of the polymer solution to be injected can also support the analysis of the efficiency of the method focusing on optimum results with lower consumption of chemical additives.
Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais Emival Lopes e Nedir de Freitas Lopes por serem meu porto seguro, pela educação, pela oportunidade de estar hoje onde estou, pelo apoio e por estarem sempre ao meu lado, me incentivando e me dando forças pra continuar.À minha orientadora Rosângela que acreditou em mim e no meu trabalho, pelos ensinamentos transmitidos, pela paciência e também pela amizade. vii AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família, pais, avós, tios, primos e irmã, pois sempre fizeram e farão parte da minha vida, me proporcionando as melhores lembranças.À minha orientadora Rosângela por sempre estar disposta e disponível para discussões e também pelas cobranças que sei que foram importantes.Aos professores e aos funcionários do Departamento de Engenharia de Petróleo (DEP) por todo o apoio durante estes dois anos.Aos colegas de laboratório Leandro, Pompeo e Wellington pelas horas de dedicação além dos momentos de descontração proporcionados.Aos colegas de mestrado pelos dois anos de convivência, horas de estudos, viagens e risadas juntos. À Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP) pela bolsa de estudos a mim fornecida durante estes dois anos.À UNICAMP pelo uso das dependências do departamento e dos laboratórios. À Petrobras pelo financiamento do projeto. ix Só se pode alcançar um grande êxito quando nos mantemos fiéis a nós mesmos.
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