Soybean genotypes have distinct morphophysiological traits, which may influence the crop agronomic performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the productive parameters of three contrasting soybean genotypes for leaf morphophysiological traits. The experiment was carried out at in a typical Distroferric Red Latosol, located at latitude 25º41'52" S and longitude 53º03'94" W; in the 2015/16 (CY1) and 2016/17 (CY2) seasons. The genotypes tested were: BS 2601 RR® (lanceolate and smaller leaflets); NS 6006 IPRO® (triangular and intermediate leaflets) and homozygous lineage CI 21 IPRO® (oval and larger leaflets). The gas exchange, chlorophyll index, leaf area, leaflet length and width, and petiolulus length were evaluated when plants of each genotype were at the beginning of flowering. At harvest, the variables analyzed were: first pod insertion, plant height, number of pods and grains per plant, grains per pod, mass of one thousand grains and grain yield. The design used was randomized blocks with four replicates. Photosynthesis per leaf area unit was higher in CY2, and is related to greater stomatal conductance, higher chlorophyll index, lower transpiration and lower leaf area of plants. The lanceolate leaf cultivar showed higher grain yield due to the higher number of grains and the greater mass of these grains in the two crop years. In addition, it was the one that obtained lower leaf area and lower transpiration. The cultivar NS 6006 presented greater productive stability, but this trait does not confer greater productive potential.
For the plant breeding, developing a single soybean cultivar that is adapted and stable to multiple production environments has been a major challenge. Therefore, integrating the individual analysis of cultivars to their average response when gathered in groups of relative maturity can be a smart alternative to minimize risks and maximize soybean productivity. Nine soybean cultivars were grouped into four distinct groups as to their relative maturity (from 4.8 to 6.4), and tested in three sowing times (September, October and December) and three growing seasons (2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19) as to their yield performance, adaptability and stability in southwest Paraná, Brazil, latitude 25º41'52 "S, longitude 53º03'94" We, altitude of 509 meters. Performance was evaluated by grouping means, using Scott Knott. For the adaptability and stability analysis, AMMI (Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction), GGE Biplot and Centroid methods were used. The NS 5909 IPRO® and NS 6909 IPRO® cultivars, both close to GMR 6.0, presented superior average performance in most of the evaluated production environments, and the earliest cultivars, with GMR less than 5.4, were the ones that produced less, in general, in different environments. Specific adaptations stood out from the general broad adaptation for the evaluated cultivars. The adaptability of the genotypes was not accompanied by high stability, which contributes to the reduction of the average productivity of the cultivars when exposed to different environments.
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