Most Slovak rivers have increasing spring flow followed by a period or two of low flow in the summer, autumn, and, in some cases, winter. The flow rate fluctuations in two different streams in Slovakia are being investigated in this study. The study focused on an under-mountain and a lowland-highland river to investigate the low and peak flow periods and to identify the trends in monthly and annual mean flows for both rivers. Analysing daily mean discharge data from two different types of streams requires the use of a robust normalization approach to verify the comparability between the chosen streams. On both streams, a broad statistical low-flow analysis was performed over different study periods, as well as a hydrological drought analysis utilizing the water-bearing coefficient approach over the period 2010-2020. The evaluation for the foothill river in Slovakia demonstrates that snow melting has a significant impact on annual runoff in the spring months, and both rivers have a low flow period in August, September, and October. Despite the considerable variations in the catchment area, geographical, and hydrological characteristics, drought analysis for the years 2010 to 2020 found a lack of normality and a dry hydrological situation in both streams.
This study examines the effect of drought on the discharge seasonality of the Topľa River from 1988 to 2020. Each year is classified into dry, normal, or wet years using the water-bearing coefficient as a drought index. The Seasonal and Trend decomposition using the Loess time series decomposition method was used to compare discharge patterns between these groups. The results demonstrate a significant impact of drought on the seasonal discharge of the Topľa River, with substantially lower discharge and affected seasonality during dry years. The study findings demonstrate that the impact of the drought is altering the seasonal discharge pattern of the river. This highlights the importance of considering the effects of drought in water management and resource planning, particularly in the face of climate change and increasing water scarcity. These findings provide valuable insights for informing water management policies and practices in the region and can guide future research on the impact of drought on river systems.
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