Two stable nanofluids comprising of mixed valent copper(I,II) oxide clusters (<1 nm) suspended in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C(4)mim][OAc], and copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (<50 nm) suspended in trioctyl(dodecyl)phosphonium acetate, [P(8 8 8 12)][OAc], were synthesised in a facile one-pot reaction from solutions of copper(II) acetate hydrate in the corresponding ionic liquids. Formation of the nanostructures was studied using (13)C NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From a solution of Cu(OAc)(2) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C(2)mim][OAc], crystals were obtained that revealed the structure of [C(2)mim][Cu(3)(OAc)(5)(OH)(2)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O, indicating the formation of copper hydroxo-clusters in the course of the reaction. Synthesised nanostructures were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Physical properties of the prepared IL-nanofluids were examined using IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and densitometry.
The energy storage market relating to lithium based systems regularly grows in size and expands in terms of a portfolio of energy and power demanding applications. Thus safety focused research must more than ever accompany related technological breakthroughs regarding performance of cells, resulting in intensive research on the chemistry and materials science to design more reliable batteries. Formulating electrolyte solutions with nonvolatile and hardly flammable ionic liquids instead of actual carbonate mixtures could be safer. However, few definitions of thermal stability of electrolytes based on ionic liquids have been reported in the case of abuse conditions (fire, shortcut, overcharge or overdischarge). This work investigates thermal stability up to combustion of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C1C4Im][NTf2]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([PYR14][NTf2]) ionic liquids, and their corresponding electrolytes containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiNTf2. Their possible routes of degradation during thermal abuse testings were investigated by thermodynamic studies under several experimental conditions. Their behaviours under fire were also tested, including the analysis of emitted compounds.
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