Shrimp farming plays a key role in economy of many countries all over the world. Unfortunately, a disease called Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus spreading from Asia to Central America costs shrimp industry billions of dollars annually. In the past few years, scientists from multi-disciplinary field collaborated to find out a solution for this disease. Until now, there are not any effective approaches to prevent and cure this disease. However, co-culturing shrimp with tilapia was carried out to limit the outbreak of AHPND in farm scale in many countries. Some previous studies also mentioned the benefits of this farming method to prevent other pathogens. The aim of this research is to determine whether intrinsic factors or cultured water of tilapia play role in inhibition of V. parahaemolyticus – pathogen causing AHPND. These factors include: mucus on tilapia gill and skin, tilapia fecal material, and microbiota or dissolved chemicals in culturing of tilapia. Anti-V. parahaemolyticus activity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fresh and overnight incubated feces and mucus were tested using agar well diffusion method. The effectiveness of feces and mucus inhibition was not clear, both of samples generated a weak inhibition on V. parahaemolyticus. Determination of V. parahaemolyticus inhibiting factor of tilapia cultured water using challenge test showed that dissolved compounds (smaller than 0.22 µm) inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. The presence of these compounds in tilapia-cultured water reduced V. parahaemolyticus to 17 times lower than that of the negative control with the seawater alone within the first three hours post challenge.
The present study investigated how mouse fibroblasts changed under microgravity (SMG) conditions (< 10-3 G) simulated by 3D clinostat. Results showed that SMG condition markedly reduced the proliferation of mouse fibroblasts, significantly reducing the nuclear area and intensity. Compared to the control group, the mouse fibroblasts ratio of the SMG group was higher in the G0/G1 phase but lower in the S phase and G2/M phase. The ratios of early and late apoptotic cells were also higher in the SMG group. The mouse fibroblasts under SMG conditions exhibited a reduction of β-Actin and α-Tubulin 3 expressions compared to the control group. These results suggested that the SMG condition diminished the proliferation and downregulated cytoskeletal protein expression of mouse fibroblasts.
This study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) morphology. The results showed that the area of MEFs under simulated microgravity was 7843.39 ± 551.31 µm2 which was lower than the control group (9832.72 ± 453.86 µm2). The nuclear area of MEFs under simulated microgravity (290.76 ± 4.58 µm2) and the control group (296.8 ± 4.58 µm2) did not statistically differ. In addition, the nuclear shape value of the MEFs under simulated microgravity and the control group did not statistically differ (0.86 ± 0.006 vs. 0.87 ± 0.003, respectively). The nuclear intensity of MEFs under simulated microgravity (19361 ± 852) was higher than the control group (16997 ± 285). Moreover, the flow cytometry analysis indicated the reduced G0/G1 phase cell ratio and the increased S phase and G2/M phase cell ratio in MEFs under simulated microgravity. Simulated microgravity also induced a decrease in diameter of actin filament bundles of the MEFs under simulated microgravity (1.61 ± 0.33 µm) compared to the control group (1.79 ± 0.32 µm). These results revealed that simulated microgravity is capable of inducing the morphological changes of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
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