Energy conservation and carbon reduction in building energy is an important way to achieve the global goal of ‘carbon neutrality’. Common low‐carbon operation strategies of buildings rely on price incentives to guide users’ behaviour, which is difficult to make users aware of the impact of their energy consumption behaviour on carbon emissions. In this paper, the power system's dynamic carbon emission factors (CEF) were used to release information on energy consumption and carbon emission to building users. At the same time, the differential effects of building envelope and external temperature in the Building Information Modelling were considered. An optimisation method of building low‐carbon energy consumption strategy considering both the building and power carbon emission was established to improve the comprehensive carbon reduction ability of the building and power system. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively coordinates the building virtual energy storage and demand response. By incorporating the dynamic energy carbon transaction cost into the objective function, the target signal of carbon reduction is transmitted to users so that the volatility of the renewable Energy and other random energy behaviours can be considered in the dynamic CEF.

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With the development of the energy internet technology, the operational optimization of regional electricity-heating-gas system is becoming a research hotspot. Considering the thermal system's quasi-dynamic characteristics will make the dispatching of regional multi-energy system more accurate and the flexibility and energy efficiency of electricity-heating-gas system's operation can be improved. The quasi-dynamic characteristics of regional thermal networks are analyzed here, as well as the demand side of heating system. Based on the thermal inertia characteristics, the virtual thermal energy storage models of both thermal networks and buildings considering thermal comfort index are formulated synthetically for central heating system. By comparing the operating results of different adjustment methods, quality adjustment method was found to have the most flexibility of regional heating system control. With the hot water supply network and heating load modeling considering virtual storage, an operational optimization model of regional electricity-heating-gas system was put forward with the purpose to reduce the total operating cost. Numerical result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Through case study, it's found that when considering virtual energy storage specialty of both the heating supply and demand side, the heating load can be shifted across the time periods under time-of-use (TOU) price, leading to the obvious economic improvement of multi-energy system operation.Index Terms-thermal quasi-dynamic; virtual energy storage; electricity-heating-gas system; operational optimization; time-of-use electricity price I. INTRODUCTION ecently, the operation and control of multiple energy system garners widespread concerns of industry and academia, considering the coupling and complementarity among different energy forms [1][2][3][4]. Within modernized urban areas, energy coupling among power systems, heating systems