This article provides an overview of the literature on the role of geobotanical research in agriculture. In it, the author describes this article, which contains opposing points of view on the problem considered in the importance of geobotanical studies of today’s agricultural systems. The article discusses the problems and ways to solve the economic use of geobotany is the creation of artificial phytocenoses, as well as changing the natural ones by one or another violation of their composition and structure. Agriculture should ensure the maintenance of ecological balance in agrolandscape systems. Compliance with the requirements of environmental management, environmental protection and optimization of management of agricultural landscapes is becoming one of the main conditions for increasing the productive longevity of agricultural ecosystems and the efficiency of agricultural production.
Lonicera iliensis Pojark. (Caprifoliaceae) is a rare and almost endemic species placed into the Red Book of Kazakhstan [1]. The constituent compositions and biological activities of essential oils (EO) from L. caprifolium L., L. japonica Thunb., and L. nummulariifolia Jaub. & Spach were reported [2][3][4][5][6].The goal of the present work was to study the chemical composition and enantiomeric ratios of several constituents of EO obtained from three natural populations of L. iliensis growing in Kazakhstan (Almaty District). This is the first report on the composition of volatile constituents from L. iliensis. EO obtained by steam distillation from various parts of L. iliensis was characteristically light-yellow with a mild specific aroma. The quantitative yield of EO varied from 0.003 to 0.012 wt% and did not differ significantly among the studied populations and samples. GC analysis (GC-FID and GC/MS) on HP-Innowax columns was performed using the previously described conditions [7]. A total of 47 constituents making up 67.4-89.4% of the total EO volume were identified (Table 1). Differences in the EO constituent composition were found between populations and samples. Thus, high alkane contents (17.1-44.5%) were detected in all studied plant parts of the first population from the Ili River bottom. In contrast with the first population, the principal classes of EO chemical compounds from the populations on the Chilik and Charyn Rivers were fatty acids (FA) and their esters (31.2-75.1%).Flowers of L. iliensis from all three populations typically had significant amounts of the sesquiterpenoid hexahydrofarnesylacetone and FA with hexadecanoic acid as the main representative.Volatile constituents of leaves during flowering of all three populations had high contents of the diterpene phytol and monoterpenoids. The contents of alkanes and aldehydes differed among the populations.EO isolated from leaves during fruiting of all three populations were characterized by high contents of FA and their esters, aldehydes, monoterpenoids, and the diterpene phytol. The populations differed in alkane contents. Thus, EO from the first population (Ili River) was dominated by nonacosane (28.4%) whereas its content was 6.6% in the population from the Charyn River and it was not detected in the Chilik River population. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3.8 and 4.7%) and sesquiterpenoids (3.1 and 4.4%) were identified in the second and third populations, in contrast with the first.FA and their esters with the principal representatives hexadecanoic and (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acids prevailed among volatile constituents of fruit from all populations. Nonacosane (17.1%) was observed only in plants from the first population.Chiral separation of several enantiomers using Lipodex G columns showed that linalool in L. iliensis EO was practically a racemic mixture whereas the (-)-enantiomers prevailed for D-and E-pinenes. Sabinene and limonene were found primarily as the (+)-enantiomers (Table 2).
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