Background: Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adult life. Ischemic strokes are most common type of strokes and they account for 80-85% of cerebrovascular accidents worldwide. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking have been identified as major risk factors. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and investigation profile of different types of strokes.Methods: A total of 100 patients with brain stroke from November 2015 to October 2016 were included. Adult patients with stroke who attended the emergency department within 24 hours of attack were included. Patients with known chronic liver or kidney diseases, transient ischemic attack, active infections, history of neoplasia and alcoholic patients were excluded from the study. A thorough physical examination was conducted and stroke was defined as per World Health Organization criteria. Blood investigations were done including Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan. The data obtained was coded and entered into Microsoft excel worksheet. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistics software version 20.0. Results: Majority of the patients (71.00%) were males and 29.0% of the patients were females. Most of the patients were aged between 61 to 70 years (27.00%). Most of the patients had ischaemic stroke (80.00%) followed by haemorrhagic stroke (20%).Conclusions: Ischemic stroke is the more common as compared to hemorrhagic stroke. Detection of vascular risk factors and primary prevention measures should be initiated during late adolescence or early adulthood.
Coronavirus disease or more popularly called COVID-19 is known to be caused by a novel coronavirus 2. The COVID-19 has been identified to be originated from Wuhan, Hubei, China. This pandemic started in December 2019, and since then it has spread across the world within a short period. The health and family welfare ministry of the Government of India reported 227,546 active, 9,997,272 discharged cases, and 150,114 deaths due to COVID-19 as of 06 January 2021. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports that the cumulative testing status of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was 931,408 up to November 03, 2020. Currently, no specific anti-viral drug for COVID-19 management is recommended in the current scenario. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women affected by COVID-19 infection need to be recognized and followed up for effective handling concerning morbidity and mortality. At present, very few case reports on COVID-19 infected pregnant women have been published in India and there is no proven exclusive treatment protocol. This article summarizes a review of signs and symptoms, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and possible management of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. This overview may be useful for health care providers for practical approach and limitation of drugs used in the current management and considers the choice of drugs with their special attention given to adverse effects to improvise maternal health, pregnancy, and birth outcomes.
Background: Sida rhombifolia L. is a well documented Ayurvedic medicine for the management of neurodegenerative diseases and to enhance cognitive function. Researchers demonstrated its activities under various animal model/s, but lack the probable molecular mechanism in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Current study was aimed to identify the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potency of phytocompounds and enriched fractions from S.rhombifolia using in vitro and network pharmacology approaches. Methods: Phytocompounds were retrieved from phytochemical databases, scientific reports and quired for druggability. Protein targets were predicted using BindingDB (p≥0.7). STRING database and KEGG pathway were utilized to perform gene set enrichment analysis and to identify the probable pathways modulated by the phytocompounds. Cytoscape v3.6.1 was used to construct a target-compound-pathway network. Docking was performed by PyRx 0.8v. Enriched fractions of S. rhombifolia were tested for in vitro AChE inhibitory potency using the AChE enzyme. Results: Among 35 compounds, 26 compounds showed positive drug likeness property. Out of 26 compounds, 9 compounds i.e. 2D-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, pterosterone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, acacetin, kaempferol, sanguinine, vascicine, vasicinol, vasicinone were predicted to target AChE and other 9 therapeutic targets involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acacetin scored lowest binding energy with AChE (-8.9kcal/mol). Among the selected enriched fractions, hexane fraction pertains highest AChE inhibition (IC 50 12.87µg/ml) compared to clinical approved drug Donepezil (IC 50 2.92µg/ml). Conclusion: The role of S.rhombifolia for the management of AD could be attributed due to the major effect of 2D-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, pterosterone-3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside, acacetin, kaempferol, sanguinine, vascicine, vasicinol, vasicinone on AChEand their action on multiple protein molecules associated with AD pathogenesis.
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