Social problem-solving training, conducted as part of a social studies curriculum with 185 third-and fourth-grade children, was assessed by a measure of problem-solving thinking, a structured adult-child interaction, a structured group interaction, and a measure of locus of control. The experimental design used four training groups: no treatment (control), video modeling tapes (television), video modeling tapes plus discussion exercises (discussion), and video modeling tapes plus role-play exercises (role play). The major findings revealed significant overall treatment effects on problem-solving thinking, the group interaction, and locus of control. The findings were interpreted as indicating that the role-play treatment is more likely to transfer to everyday social interactions and enhance children's social competence.Several researchers have suggested that a person's ability to engage in problemsolving thinking improves the ability to cope with everyday social problems (
The relationship between recent conceptual models and published efforts in community psychology is examined and contrasted with the same relationship in community mental health and applied social psychology. A content analysis of a sample of 176 articles published in the
From November 2003 to May 2004, the University of South Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control co-sponsored a 6-month-long Academy for Public Health Emergency Preparedness. Six-member teams made up of public health staff and community partner representatives (N = 78) attended from their respective health districts. The Academy consisted of three 6-day training sessions designed to prepare the teams to complete a team-based covert biological bioterrorism tabletop exercise. Program evaluation results revealed increases in (1) public health emergency preparedness core competencies; (2) capacity to plan, implement, and evaluate a tabletop exercise; and (3) successful collaboration and partnership formation between participating Public Health District teams and their local partner agencies. Lessons learned are also described.
This study presents a preliminary framework of the variables of effective citizen participation on mandated school advisory councils and systematically investigates the relative effects of participant-type (e.g., parent, teacher), council power, leadership style, and social climate on council member satisfaction and involvement with their councils. A group of 149 school principals and 505 of their council members provided data for the study. The major findings revealed that increased satisfaction, feelings of involvement, and actual number of activities engaged in by council members are related to higher degrees of council member power, more support from the principal for member involvement, clearer role and responsibility definition, and a person-oriented leadership style of the principal. It was also found that principals and teachers are less satisfied with council effectiveness than parents. Theoretical and intervention implications of the results are discussed.
A “quality of life” intervention was undertaken in two public housing units in Columbia, South Carolina. The activities of the program included tutorial assistance, values clarification workshops, psychological counseling, referral services, and constructive activities for the youth. The program was evaluated as a quasi‐experiment using a comparison public housing unit. The assessment measures were locus of control scores, community awareness, vandalism, and alcohol and other drug‐related arrests. Adults in the experimental residencies were significantly more internal as a result of the program. Experimental youth experienced a nonsignificant internal shift while comparison residency youth showed a significant external shift. Experimental adult residents utilized more community service agencies as a result of the program. No program effect could be found as regards vandalism and youth alcohol and other drug arrests. However, the data did suggest a significant program effect on adult alcohol and other drug arrests. Explanations for these results are considered.
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