Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have normal or increased bone mineral density (BMD) but despite that, they are characterized by an increased hip and vertebral fracture risk that involves the alteration of bone quality and not the reduction in bone mass. BMD is utilized for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis, but BMD itself cannot provide an accurate diagnosis of the individuals at increased risk of fracture and, therefore, studies have focused on identifying other risk factors that are partially or fully independent of BMD. The fracture risk score tool-FRAX® models provide information about a 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures, but do not include risk factors specific to illness such as diabetes duration, diabetes drug therapy, glycemic control, or the presence of micro-vascular complications. Multiple markers have been investigated to provide information on the risk of fractures in patients with T2DM such as: advanced glycation end products (AGEs), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), osteocalcin (OC), adiponectin, and sclerostin, but epidemiological studies did not provide homogeneous information regarding the link between these markers and bone fragility in T2DM subjects. Markers that increase the accuracy of fracture risk estimation in patients with T2DM need to be identified and employed in current medical practice. Keywords diabetes mellitus, bone fragility, markers of fracture risks Highlights Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have significantly higher scores in over-vigilance and inhibition schematic domains. Epidemiological studies do not provide unitary information on the association between markers of bone fragility and fracture risk in T2DM.
The study objective is the correlation of thyroid function to the weight status in a study group made up of schoolchildren in Galati County. Six of ten overweight children before puberty will became obese during adulthood. PREDATORR study published in May 2014, placed our country in the top among overweight and obesity European incidence, showing a 34.7% prevalence of overweight and 31.9% obesity in subjects in the age group 20-79 years. Unfortunately the study did not offer epidemiological data regarding children population. The data obtained allow the characterization of the thyroid function in relation to weight status in school age children, in a county both in urban and rural area, taking in account that there are fewer studies in rural in this moment. It brings further information on thyroid function and pathology in pediatric obesity in relation to metabolic comorbidities. We identified an increased fT3 and TSH in obese children, sustaining the association between dyslipidemia, thyroid function, anxiety and depression, as long as the data obtained adult are still controversial.
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