The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between worry, Bayesian racism, and belief in a just world in a sample of 195 predominantly white, religious individuals. Regression analyses indicated a curvilinear, but statistically nonsignificant, relationship between worry and belief in a just world. Individuals with an extreme level of worry did not believe the world was a just and fair place. A strong, linear relationship was evidenced between Bayesian racism and belief in a just world, indicating predominantly white, religious individuals were more likely to espouse the fairness of endorsing racial stereotypes. Counselors must consider how race-based stereotypes may be used as a cognitive strategy to maintain worldviews of fairness among predominantly white, religious clients. This study is among the first to explore the motivations associated with endorsing racist stereotypes with respect to perceptions of a just world. K E Y W O R D Santi-racism, belief in a just world, religious racism, stereotypes, worry
We examined the association between socio-structural intergroup characteristics (i.e., permeability of group boundaries, legitimacy of status difference between ingroup and outgroups, stability of status difference) and students' intention to join the university alumni association. Prior theory and research suggests that group members assess the intergroup context to direct identity management strategies (e.g., leave group, collective action). College students in their last semester at a university were asked to rate the perceived socio-structural characteristics of the ingroup (compared to other universities) and their intention to join the alumni association. The results showed that perceiving one's ingroup as legitimately high status and in a stable intergroup context predicted greater intention to join the alumni association. Consistent with prior theory, the results suggest that viewing one's ingroup as legitimately high status predicts endorsement of actions to maintain a positive and distinct identity.Keywords: alumni association, socio-structural characteristics, permeability, legitimacy, stability, social identity IntroductionInstitutions of higher learning are operating in conditions of a bad economy and dwindling financial assistance from governments (Archibald & Feldman, 2006;McLendon, Hearn, & Mokher, 2009;Weerts & Ronca, 2006) and are increasingly relying on private charitable giving to meet their financial needs (Drezner, 2011). In 2012, alumni giving constituted 24.8% of total voluntary giving and rose to 26.6% in 2013 (Voluntary Support for Education, 2013). An alumni association, a group of former students, assists the institution with raising funds and fosters connection between alumni and the university (Arnold, 2003;Gill, 1998). Alumni associations typically organize social events with the dual purpose of fostering relationships for its members and to provide cultivation that encourages future giving. For recent graduates, the alumni association allows professional networking that can provide career opportunities as well as a group of people who share similar experiences. Joining the alumni association thus provides a way for alumni to contribute towards the success of their alma matter and to connect with other former students. In the present study we examine predictors of students' intention to join the alumni association. Predictors of Alumni Association MembershipThe characteristics of the university and the quality of experiences for students influence alumni giving (Baade & Sundberg, 1996;Clotfelter, 2001;Gaier, 2005;Holmes, 2009). University characteristics such as age (Duronio & Loessin, 1990), quality of career services provided (McDearmon, 2010;Pryor, Hurtado, Sáenz, Santos, & Korn, 2007), graduation rate (Gunsalus, 2004), perceived academic quality and prestige (Baade & Sundberg, 1996;Belfield & Beney, 2000;Hanson, 2000;Leslie & Ramey, 1988;Mael & Ashforth, 1992), and success in athletics (Coughlin & Erekson, 1984;Holmes, 2009) are predictors of giving back to the univers...
Black Americans may be less likely to seek conventional mental health services, often preferring to seek assistance within their social support networks, including spiritual and religious communities. Research related to relational health as a marker of spirituality among Black Americans is limited, especially in counseling literature. Relational health and spirituality preserve wellness particularly among Black Americans. Thus, we have illuminated new pathways for exploring Black American well‐being. A multiple regression analysis of 233 adult participants (68 men and 165 women), who identified as Black American or African American (n = 221) or Bi‐/Multi‐racial (n = 12), indicated a significant relationship between spirituality and relational health. The mentor and community subscales on the Relational Health Indices (RHI) made a significant contribution to the model, indicating that quality relationships impact levels of spirituality. Religious affiliation moderated the relationship between relational health domains and spirituality.
Discrimination and trauma are prevalent experiences among African Americans. In this study, 173 African American adults completed measures on the prevalence of traumatic experiences, trauma symptoms, the process of forgiveness, and well‐being. Participants endorsed the occurrence of traumatic events in their lives, associated traumatic symptoms, and the intrapersonal forgiveness process. The hypothesized model of trauma forgiveness and well‐being was partially supported. The hypothesized model related to processing forgiveness was evident. However, no relationship was found between trauma symptoms and the initial phase of forgiveness. Furthermore, no relationship was found between the final phase of the forgiveness model and well‐being. For African American clients, working through issues of conflict and forgiveness may be a unique process separate and distinct from processing through issues of trauma and well‐being.
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