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ABSTRACTThis paper is a report of a study of efforts to use the Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey to estimate the effect that CETA has had on the posttraining earnings of participants. Particular attention is given to developing estimates that are free of selection bias-whether it results from nonrandom self-selection or selection by program administrators. The results indicate that CETA has had a positive and often significant effect on the earnings of participants, and that women benefit more from participation than do men. Among the various program activities that have been available under CETA, no one program is clearly more beneficial than the others.For almost a decade, the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973 (CETA) had major responsibility for the provision of federally funded training. The program was originally designed primarily to provide training for disadvantaged workers. With the recession of 1974-1975, the emphasis of the program shifted to providing employment opportunities in the public sector for the cyclically unemployed. By 1978 the program had reverted to a structural program-providing employment and training opportunities for only the most disadvantaged and hard-toemploy individuals.
Federal expenditures for blindness-related disability among Americans are examined. The government, rather than the private sector, frequently bears the economic consequences of visual disability through entitlement and public assistance programs. Findings suggest an average $11,896 federal cost of a person-year of blindness for a working-aged American, which includes income assistance programs (SSDI/SSI), health insurance programs (Medicare/Medicaid), and tax losses resulting from reduced potential earnings. Almost 97 percent of the aggregate annual federal costs of blindness in 1990, which totaled approximately $4 billion, is accounted for by working-aged adults, who represent less than one-third of the total blind population. Approximately 25 percent of all blindness is attributed to preventable causes.
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