Aims/IntroductionTo estimate the prevalence and clinical profile of diabetes mellitus in productive aged urban Indonesians based on the National Basic Health Research 2007.Materials and MethodsThe statistical analyses of a cross‐sectional survey included the data of 15,332 adults, aged 18–55 years, living in an urban area. Blood glucose was measured by an automatic clinical chemistry analyzer by 2‐h, 75‐g post glucose load after an overnight fast. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure data were measured and recorded, whereas the sociodemographic and prior illness data were collected by interviewing the participants.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus in productive age urban Indonesians was 4.6%, consisting of 1.1% previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus and 3.5% undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus affected more women than men, which increased with age, was higher among the high socioeconomic group and increased with increasing body mass index. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in centrally obese people. Hypertension was highly related with diabetes mellitus occurrence. The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus with overweight or obese was 68.4%, with central obesity 41.7%, with hypertension 41.4% and with dyslipidemia more than 50%. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes respondents with overweight or obese was 68,7%, with central obesity 43.8%, with hypertension 49.4% and with dyslipidemia more than 50%.ConclusionsThese results show that comprehensive strategies for the prevention and control of the problem of diabetes are urgently required.
BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in Indonesia due to population growth, urbanization, and lifestyle. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease that escalates mortality rate, but not all DM develop into chronic kidney disease.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of kidney dysfunction (KD) in DM and the associated dominant risk factors among productive age Indonesian based on the National Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013.MethodsThe statistical data consisted of 15,791 females and 10,349 males, aged 20 to 54, who lived in rural and urban areas. The data was obtained from National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health. Data were collected from 33 provinces using cross sectional method. The variables data analyzed were sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, and creatinine. Kidney dysfunction was defined according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the dominant associated risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of KD in DM was 4% (CI 95% 3.1–5.1) and only 0.6% had been diagnosed. Many associated risk factors could affect DM leading to KD such as age, sex, rural, economic status, sugary food/drinks, salty food, coffee, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, high LDL, and hypertriglyceridemia. The dominant associated risk factors were age, sex, economic status, sugary food/drinks, and low HDL.ConclusionThe prevalence of KD in DM among productive age Indonesian was 4% and only 0.6% had been diagnosed. Early detection of identification of KD in DM is needed in order to slow progression and complications. The dominant associated risk factors of KD in DM were age, sex, economic status, sugary food/drinks, and low HDL. Controlling of risk factors in DM should be done in order to prevent diabetic kidney disease.
Objective. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults and its associations with some variables, based on the national Basic Health Research (BHR) data year 2007.Methodology. The statistical analyses included data of 80,254 females and 73,588 males, age 19-29 years, who live in rural and urban areas. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure data were measured, and the subjects were interviewed to obtain the socio-demographic and lifestyle data. Blood glucose data came from 10 % of the total subjects in urban area only. Overweight and obesity were determined using the Asia-Pacific WHO criteria.Results. Overweight prevalence was 13.4% for females, 12.6% for males and obesity was 15.0% for females and 8.3% for males. The prevalence of both was increased by age, and were similar among high socio-economic group (13.4% overweight and 12.4% obese) and low socio-economic group (12.2 % overweight and 10.9% obese). The level of physical activity was not different among overweight and obese versus normal subjects. The prevalence of central obesity was 15.3%, among overweight and 49.9% among obese. The prevalence of hypertension was 13.4% among overweight and 21.0% among obese in comparison to 9.7% among normal subjects. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus was 6.1% and 2.2% among overweight; 8.9% and 1.4% among obese subjects.
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