A 53-year-old man presented with acute loss of vision, negative scotoma and dyschromatopsia in his left eye. He reported contact with people with severe respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 8 days prior symptoms. Funduscopic examination revealed several retinal hemorrhages. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed lesions consistent with acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy. Quickly after his presentation, SARSCov-2 was confirmed by chest computed tomography-scan and RT-PCR in this patient. Thrombotic complications associated with Covid-19 infection have high incidence and may involve the retina. We described a case of retinal involvement associated with Covid-19 infection. Précis: Funduscopic examination revealed retinal hemorrhages in a man with loss of vision. Optical coherence tomography showed an acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy. Coronavirus disease was confirmed by chest computed tomography-scan and RT-PCR.

Dichoptic movie viewing has been shown to significantly improve visual acuity in amblyopia in children. Moreover, short-term occlusion of the amblyopic eye can transiently increase its contribution to binocular fusion in adults. In this study, we first asked whether dichoptic movie viewing could improve the visual function of amblyopic subjects beyond the critical period. Secondly, we tested if this effect could be enhanced by short-term monocular occlusion of the amblyopic eye. 17 subjects presenting stable functional amblyopia participated in this study. 10 subjects followed 6 sessions of 1.5 hour of dichoptic movie viewing (nonpatched group), and 7 subjects, prior to each of these sessions, had to wear an occluding patch over the amblyopic eye for two hours (patched group). Best-corrected visual acuity, monocular contrast sensitivity, interocular balance, and stereoacuity were measured before and after the training. For the nonpatched group, mean amblyopic eye visual acuity significantly improved from 0.54 to 0.46 logMAR (p<0.05). For the patched group, mean amblyopic eye visual acuity significantly improved from 0.62 to 0.43 logMAR (p<0.05). Stereoacuity improved significantly when the data of both groups were combined. No significant improvement was observed for the other visual functions tested. Our training procedure combines modern video technologies and recent fundamental findings in human plasticity: (i) long-term plasticity induced by dichoptic movie viewing and (ii) short-term adaptation induced by temporary monocular occlusion. This passive dichoptic movie training approach is shown to significantly improve visual acuity of subjects beyond the critical period. The addition of a short-term monocular occlusion to the dichoptic training shows promising trends but was not significant for the sample size used here. The passive movie approach combined with interocular contrast balancing even over such a short period as 2 weeks has potential as a clinical therapy to treat amblyopia in older children and adults.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and complications of the XEN implant as a solo procedure or in association with cataract surgery in patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG). All patients who received a XEN implant between June 2017 and June 2018 were included in the study. The primary and secondary outcomes were: the reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP) at 6 months postoperatively, the decrease of the glaucoma medications 6 months after surgery, the clinical success rate (eyes (%) achieving ≥20% IOP reduction on the same or fewer medications without secondary surgical intervention), the frequency and type of postoperative interventions as well as the complication rate. We included one hundred and seven eyes from 97 patients with primary OAG (79%), or secondary OAG (21%). Seventy-seven patients (72%) received a standalone XEN implantation and 30 (28%) underwent XEN implantation combined with phacoemusification. The IOP decreased from 20.4 mm Hg ± 6.4 preoperatively to 15.4 mm Hg ± 5.3 six months after the surgery, which represented a reduction of 24.5% (P = 1.4.10 −7). It was associated with a lowering of glaucoma medications from 2.8 ± 1.0 preoperatively to 0.6 ± 1.0 six months postoperatively (P = 3.6.10 −34). The clinical success rate was 67.2% six months after the surgery. The most frequent complications were: IOP spikes >30 mmHg (16.8%), improper position or angled drain (14.0%) and transient minimal hyphema (<1 week) (11.2%). During the follow-up, the needling was required in 34.6% of cases and a total of 10 eyes (9.4%) required a new glaucoma surgery. To conclude XEN implantation appears to be an effective short-and midterm surgical technique to control IOP in OAG with a low risk of complication. However postoperative maneuvers were frequently required to maintain efficiency. Glaucoma is the first cause of irreversible blindness 1. It is a optic neuropathy that affects more than 70 million people worldwide 2. Nowadays, reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only effective therapeutic strategy to stop the progression of glaucoma 3-5 , it includes pressure-lowering eye-drops, laser treatments and surgery. In the case of open angle glaucoma (OAG), the most performed glaucoma surgeries are trabeculectomy and non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS). These two techniques are based on a derivation of the aqueous humor towards the subconjunctival space by creating a filtration bleb (FB). As effective these filtering surgeries are, they are also accompanied by a non-negligible rate of complications such as postoperative bleb leakage, hypotony, and cataract 6-8. Fibrosis of the bleb is responsible for the majority of surgical failures 7. Rarely, an infection of the filtering bleb occurs, exposing the eye to a risk of endophthalmitis 7,8. Consequently, innovative glaucoma surgery techniques and devices described as "Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries" (MIGS) have been developed. XEN is one of these new minimally invasive therapeutic option (used for the IOP reduction procedure) c...

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Editor, T his study aims to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of intravitreal (IVI) injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis Ò , Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) (RAN), aflibercept (Eylea Ò , Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) (AFL) and dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex Ò , Allergan, Irvine, California, USA) (DXI) in the treatment of naive diabetic macular oedema (DMO) during the first 6 months.Nineteen eyes treated with RAN, 20 with AFL and 21 with DXI were analysed from inclusion up to 6 months (M6). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the intraocular pressure (IOP); the fundus and the central retinal thickness (CRT) by optical coherence tomography were performed at inclusion, M3 and M6. Figure 1A summarizes the demographic and diagnostic information for our groups at inclusion.Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved until 67.4 letters AE 13.1 SD (+5 letters) at M3 and 67.9 letters AE 13.3 SD (+5.5 letters) at M6 (p = 0.044) for RAN group. For the AFL group it improved until 64.8 letters AE 15.2 SD (+7.8 letters) at M3 and 63.6 letters AE 15.2 SD (+6.6 letters) at M6 (p = 0.0031). Lastly RAN group improved until 69.9 letters AE 8.4 SD (+10.9 letters) at M3 and 66.9 letters AE 15.1 SD (+7.9 letters) (p = 0.031) at M6 (Fig. 1B).We didn't find any significant difference in the variation of BCVA at M6 between the three groups (p = 0.61).Concerning the structure, the CRT decreased until 350 lm AE 61 SD at M3 and to 325.7 lm AE 78.4 SD at M6 (p = 0.00025) in the RAN group; until 341.5 lm AE 91.8 SD at M3 and to 325.2 lm AE 96 SD at M6 (p = 0.00014) in the AFL group and until 349.8 lm AE 107 at M3 and to 368.9 lm AE 164.4 at M6 (p = 0.027) in DXI group (Fig. 1C).Furthermore, a gain >3 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)-lines was found for 21% of the patients in the RAN group, 25% in the AFL group and 23.8% in the DXI group (p > 0.05) at M6 (Fig. 1D).In both groups treated by anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), the IOP remained stable at M6 while in the DXI group, 14% of patients (n = 3) experienced an IOP ≥25 mmHg or an elevation ≥10 mmHg, but they were all controlled with a local treatment. Finally, concerning the number of IVI: 4.8 AE 0.8 SD IVI was Fig 1. (A) Patients characteristics. (B) BCVA variation from inclusion to 6 months. (C) CRT evolution to 6 months. (D) Visual acuity gain at 3 months and 6 months.

For normally sighted readers, word neighborhood size (i.e., the total number of words that can be formed from a single word by changing only one letter) has a facilitator effect on word recognition. When reading with central field loss (CFL) however, individual letters may not be correctly identified, leading to possible misidentifications and a reverse neighborhood size effect. Here we investigate this inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size on reading performance and whether it is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency. Nineteen patients with binocular CFL from 32 to 89 years old (mean ± SD = 75 ± 15) read short sentences presented with the self-paced reading paradigm. Accuracy and reading time were measured for each target word read, along with its predictability, i.e., its probability of occurrence following the two preceding words in the sentence using a trigram analysis. Linear mixed effects models were then fit to estimate the individual contributions of word neighborhood size, predictability, frequency and length on accuracy and reading time, while taking patients’ reading proficiency into account. For the less proficient readers, who have given up daily reading as a consequence of their visual impairment, we found that the effect of neighborhood size was reversed compared to normally sighted readers and of higher amplitude than the effect of frequency. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect is of greater amplitude (up to 50% decrease in reading speed) when a word is not easily predictable because its chances to occur after the two preceding words in a specific sentence are rather low. Severely impaired patients with CFL often quit reading on a daily basis because this task becomes simply too exhausting. Based on our results, we envision lexical text simplification as a new alternative to promote effective rehabilitation in these patients. By increasing reading accessibility for those who struggle the most, text simplification might be used as an efficient rehabilitation tool and daily reading assistive technology, fostering overall reading ability and fluency through increased practice.

Purpose Strabismus and nystagmus are often reported in congenital glaucoma ( CG), but few data are available. This study aims at describing clinical features of oculomotor disorders associated with congenital glaucoma. Methods A retrospective study was led in a service of Pediatric Ophthalmology of the South of France taking for reference the registers of the children operated for primitive CG between 2008 and 2013. We registered the caracteristics of cross‐eyed infringement, the nystagmus, refractive data and amblyopia. Tests of chi ² or exact tests of Fisher were used for the category‐specific variables and the tests of Mann‐Whitney for the quantitative variables. Results 47 children were included.2 children presented an unilateral CG. 25%(12 children) presented a strabismus ;4 had a convergent deviation (33 %) and 8 an exotropia(66 %).4 children (8 % ) had a nystagmus, and all of them had a low best corrected visual acuteness(BCVA)(BCVA lower than 0,6 LogMAR). We find an average spherical equivalent (SE) more important in myopia in the cross‐eyed population (average SE ‐1.75 D) with regard to the non strabismic population (average SE ‐0.35 D). Regarding nystagmic patients, we find a much more important average SE in myopia (average SE ‐7.8 D) with regard to the non‐strabismic population (average SE ‐0.35 D)( p: 0.016). A statistically significant link exists between amblyopia and nystagmus occurency (p Fischer: 0.013). Conclusion Most of the children taken in care for primitive CG and presenting a deviation had a visual acuteness decreased in our study. The nystagmus seems to appear for BCVA lower than 0,6 LogMAR. This amblyopia seems to have both organic origin but also refractive origin.

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