The biodiversity and ecological integrity of many marine ecosystems are being threatened (Worm et al. 2006;O'Hara et al. 2019). For this reason, many marine habitats, species and ecosystem functions have been granted protection from human pressures in marine protected areas (MPAs), a tool that is increasingly favoured as a response to declines in marine biodiversity (Beaugrand et al. 2015;McCauley et al. 2015). The Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD's) definition of a marine and coastal protected area is "any confined area within or adjacent to the marine environment, together with its overlying waters and associated flora, fauna, and historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by legislation or other effective means, including custom, with the effect that its marine and/or coastal biodiversity enjoys a higher level of protection than its surroundings" (CBD 2004, p 2). Many
This study determines input data appropriateness for geographic information system‐based enhanced bathtub model (eBTM) modeling of coastal inundation in an urban setting. Various tests were conducted concerning digital surface models (DSMs) to determine: (a) the highest appropriate resolution achievable from available LiDAR data and consider variations between derived sub‐meter DSMs; (b) optimal DSM horizontal resolution for coastal inundation modeling based on “out‐the‐box” solutions; and (c) mechanisms to address the challenge presented by DSMs regarding overhanging structures for a study site in False Bay, South Africa. Results showed that while sub‐meter DSMs are achievable, low point cloud densities may result in the misrepresentation of structures, which affects the inundation extents. High horizontal resolution DSMs are required for inundation modeling in an urban setting to account for narrow thoroughfares. Challenges posed by first return LiDAR depicting bridges as solid structures could be circumvented by modifying the input water source for the eBTM processing.
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