Heart rate recovery after exercise, thought to be related to cardiac parasympathetic tone, has been shown to be a prognostic tool for all-cause mortality. However, the relationship between this variable and confirmed susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF) has not been established. Therefore, myocardial ischemia was induced with a 2-min occlusion of the left circumflex artery during the last minute of exercise in mongrel dogs with myocardial infarction (n = 105 dogs). VF was induced in 66 animals (susceptible), whereas the remaining 39 dogs had no arrhythmias (resistant). On a previous day, ECG was recorded and a time-series analysis of heart rate variability was measured 30, 60, and 120 s after submaximal exercise (treadmill running). The heart rate recovery was significantly greater in resistant dogs than in susceptible dogs at all three times, with the most dramatic difference at the 30-s mark (change from maximum: 48.1 +/- 3.6 beats/min, resistant dogs; 31.0 +/- 2.2 beats/min, susceptible dogs). Correspondingly, indexes of parasympathetic tone increased to a significantly greater extent in resistant dogs at 30 and 60 s after exercise. These differences were eliminated by atropine pretreatment. When considered together, these data suggest that resistant animals exhibit a more rapid recovery of vagal activity after exercise than those susceptible to VF. As such, postexercise heart rate recovery may help identify patients with a high risk for VF following myocardial infarction.
Purpose: Use of the T cell-dependent neoantigen bacteriophage ΦX 174 has been described since the 1960s as a method to assess specific antibody response in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed a cohort of patients at Duke University Medical Center who received immunization with bacteriophage and report the clinical utility and safety of the immunization, as well as patient characteristics.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all Duke Immunology Clinic patients (pediatric and adult) who received immunizations with bacteriophage, from 1976 to 2012. Subjects were selected for inclusion if their diagnosis at the time of bacteriophage was either presumed or confirmed common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), hypogammaglobulinemia, transient hypogammaglobulinemia, or antibody deficiency unspecified. Follow up post-immunization was also recorded.Results: One hundred twenty-six patients were identified, 36 adults and 90 pediatric patients. Diagnoses prior to bacteriophage were CVID (n = 100), hypogammaglobulinemia (n = 23), and antibody deficiency (n = 3). Post-immunization diagnoses were CVID (n = 65), hypogammaglobulinemia (n = 19), unknown (n = 23), no primary immune deficiency (n = 10), and other primary immunodeficiency (n = 9). Seventy-five patients had abnormal bacteriophage results, 37 were normal, and 14 were borderline. There were 257 recorded administrations of the immunization. Information was available on adverse reactions for 171 administrations. Fourteen immunizations were associated with minor adverse events. Nineteen patients stopped their immunoglobulin replacement therapy based on reported normal responses to immunization.Conclusion: Bacteriophage ΦX 174 immunization is a safe, well-tolerated, and clinically useful method to assess antibody response in patients with suspected antibody-mediated immunodeficiencies, particularly those who are on immunoglobulin replacement therapy at the time of immunization.
The programming language C is becoming more and morepopular among users of highpe~ormance vector computer architectures, With this populm"~of C, it becomes more critical to have a good optimiz"nglvectotiz"ng C compilez This paper describes a study of four such vectorizing C compilers, with emphasis on the automatic vectorization ability of each compilez This study is similar to the Fortran study that was descn"bed in [CDL88] and in fact, one facet of this study is a C version of the same kernels. Three suites of C loop kernels have been developed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of vectorizing compilers. The Convex cc compilec the Convex Application Compileq the Cray 2 scc compilefi and the Cray YMP scc compiler have been tested against these suites. Thepaper gives the results for each suite, with identification ofproblem areas for each compiler
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