Subjects were 20% accurate in the foot task and 88% accurate in the hand task based on squared residuals. Accuracy outcomes in the present study were not statistically different from accuracy outcomes from identical mass perception tasks using running shoes in either men (shoe mass range 220-360 g) or women (shoe mass range 160-290 g), for either foot or hand perceptual tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous studies, subjects perceived relative basketball shoe masses poorly when wearing the shoes but well when holding them. It appears that mass perceptual abilities are comparable regardless of whether running shoes (with overall lighter masses) or basketball shoes (with overall heavier masses) are used.
It is common knowledge that exercise (EX) is protective against a myriad of diseases. Despite the well-established benefits, EX compliance remains low. It has been shown that the EX-related release of dopamine can increase analgesia and cause a sensation of euphoria. Individual variation in dopaminergic signaling, as evidenced by EX induced analgesia, may be responsible for difference in EX compliance. PURPOSE: To examine if higher EX capacity (VO2max) or time spent performing EX per week is related to greater EX analgesia or an increased self-perceived positive mood state following EX. METHODS: Eight subjects (6 women and 2 men; age = 21.1 ± 0.6 yrs) were tested for maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) using a graded cycling test. Each subject was brought back to the laboratory the next week to perform an exercise session using 65% of VO2max on a cycle ergometer. Subjects filled out an EX frequency questionnaire before the EX session. Minimal pain threshold (MPT) was measured using a pain pressure threshold algometer placed on the extensor carpi radialis of each subject before and after EX. Each subject also completed the Psychoactive Effects Questionnaire (PEQ), comprised of 36 questions that assess subjective dopaminergic and dopaminergic effects of psychoactive drugs, before and after EX. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between MPT and PEQ vs. VO2max and weekly EX frequency. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. RESULTS:The average VO2max of our subjects was 35.1 ± 3.1 ml/kg/min. A bout of EX at 65% of VO2max increased MPT by 59.2 ± 4.1% (p<0.05) and PEQ by 103.4 ± 5.1% (p<0.01) following EX across all subjects. MPT (r=0.51; p=0.20) or PEQ (r=0.21; p=0.67) had no relationship to VO2max .There was however a significant relationship between MPT (r= 0.82; p = 0.01) and positive responses on the PEQ (r =0.71; p=0.002) to EX frequency. CONCLUSION: Increased frequency of exercise appears to be related to EX induced analgesia and improved mood state, independent of EX capacity. Individual differences in the dopaminergic response of EX may provide rationale for differences in EX frequency.Post exertion malaise (PEM) is a commonly reported clinical feature of Gulf War illness (GWI) that has not been systematically studied under controlled laboratory conditions. We have previously reported variable PEM responses in GWI 24-hrs post exercise, underscoring the need for research that more thoroughly characterizes the symptom response. PURPOSE: To examine symptom responses to acute aerobic exercise in Gulf War Veterans (GV).
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