The order Microsporidia contains a number of ubiquitous pathogens that can infect various animals, including humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis have been associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans. The effect of four disinfectants--ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and two commercial disinfectants containing peroxyacetic acid (Tsunami) and N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Timsen)--on E. intestinalis spores was examined using exposure times of 1, 5, and 15 min. Spore viability was determined in vitro with RK-13 cells. Hydrogen peroxide was most efficient at inactivating microsporidial spores at all tested concentrations and treatment times, whereas ammonium hydroxide was effective only at the highest concentration at all exposure times. Tsunami (40 microg/ml) and Timsen (200 and 400 ppm) could inactivate spores when incubated for 5 and 15 min.
This study explores the lived-experience of two South African women who have been raped, not by a stranger, but by an acquaintance. Through a phenomenological research approach, the descriptions of the experience given by the two participants during in-depth interviews were thoroughly explored. Certain aspects of the rape experience emerged from the data and were considered in relation to existing, predominantly Western society literature regarding acquaintance rape and the experience of the victim. In particular, issues such as knowing the perpetrator, the reactions of others to the rape, possible HIV infection and the support received from others were seen to have a significant impact on the nature of the lived-experience of each of the participants regarding their rape ordeal. Although the results of this study are not generalisable, they are able to give practitioners dealing with victims a deeper understanding of the possible aspects that could be a part of the experience of being raped by someone known, and the implications for recovery.
It is surprising that you should publish such an intemperate and indeed malevolent personal attack on a distinguished contributor as that by Dr. Joyce E. Leeson on Professor W. P. U. Jackson (12 September, p. 648). Nor indeed does Dr. Leeson improve her case by citing undocumented and improbable statistics from the Transkei.Professor Jackson's well-known scientific work, particularly in the field of diabetes, needs no endorsement from us, but it would be proper to pay tribute here to his outstanding services over the past 20 years in the amelioration of health conditions, particularly among the coloured community, at the Cape.It is as illogical for Dr. Leeson to pillory Professor Jackson for real or imaginary conditions in the Transkei as for us to hold her personally responsible for sweated child labour in the Colonial Territory of Hong Kong or, considerably nearer home to Dr. Leeson, for complicity in the continuous drenching of the Bogside ghetto with CS gas over one weekend, with, as yet, unascertained genetic results.-We are, etc., J. C. SHEE.
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