Introduction : Pharyngitis is one of the most common infection that general practitioners handled. It is estimated in one year there are 15 million people with pharyngitis will come to the doctor. American Society of Microbiology said that 94,3 % from 402 patient who were suspected pharyngitis received antibiotic therapy even without indication of antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic resistance is becoming a great threat for the world today. World Health Organization state that one of the plan to fight antibiotic resistance is to research and develop new drugs. Curcuma domestica is a plant that is widely used in Indonesia and some research said that it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effect. Aim: The aim of this study is to find the antibacterial effect of Curcuma domestica ethanolic extract on Group A Streptococcus β hemolyticus and find the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value. Methods : This was in vitro experimental study with broth microdilution method and inoculation on agar blood media to find the MBC. Treatment group consisting of, media (Mueller Hinton Blood Broth), Group A Streptococcus β hemolyticus bacteria, and 5 concentrations (312.5 µg/ml, 625 µg/ml, 1250 µg/ml, 2500 µg/ml, 5000 µg/ml) of Curcuma domestica extract. Result : There is no bacterial growth at 5000 µg/ml concentration on solid media, but there are less bacterial growth at 2500 µg/ml than at concentration 312.5 µg/ml, 625 µg/ml, 1250 µg/ml. Conclusion: There is an antibacterial effect of Curcuma domestica ethanolic extract on Group A Streptococcus β hemolyticus with MBC value in range 2500 -5000 µg/ml.
Background: The urgency generated by drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites has accelerated the need to find a new anti-malarial drug. Recent studies have shown that 80% ethanol extract Acmena acuminatissima has suitable antimalarial activities. Aim: To analyze the inhibitory effect of A. acuminatissima extract at the developmental stage of P. falciparum in infected erythrocytes in vitro. Methods: the synchronized culture of P. falciparum was incubated along with A. acuminatissima extract, and compared with negative controls. The effect on parasite growth was determined by observing the level of parasitemia and accumulation of various infective stages seen on thin blood smears after the incubation period of 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours using a light microscope with 1000 times magnification. Results: Within 48 hours of observation the difference was mainly in the proportion of ring-stage which was 2.75% in culture with the test compound and 41.41% in the negative control which showed that ethanol extract of A. acuminatissima inhibited the growth of parasites at the schizont stage into the ring stage. In trophozoite and schizonts stages of culture with test compounds, enlargement of digestive vacuole and vesiculation is obtained. Conclusion: A. acuminatissima inhibits the development of intraerythrocyt parasites at the schizonts stage and induced morphological changes.
The global pandemic related to the coronavirus (2019-nCoV) continues to hit the world, including Indonesia until the end of 2021. The efforts to improve health services were carried out by various parties, including by members of the King of Christ Parish church as part of the Surabaya community. From this parish in July 2021, 301 people were sick with COVID-19 and almost 11% of them died. The public and health services were panicked by the occurrence of a wave of viral mutations, with the increasing of sufferers and high mortality rates. Integrated telemedicine services between doctors and pharmacists are one of the best options to prevent transmission and severity to support patient recovery rates. With telemedicine, health care needs are individualized and patient development is more controlled. The method was carried out through direct consultation between doctors, pharmacist, and patients, using the whatsapp call platform. Monitoring of patients was continued by pharmacist using the whatsapp message platform until the patient was cured. If necessary, consultation with the doctor could be carried out again during the patient’s healing process. The research show that there is an integration of doctor and pharmacist services in telemedicine for COVID-19 patients in diagnosing, determining the best supporting drugs and therapies for the patients. Quantitatively, there was a decrease in the mortality rate, an increase in patient compliance and recovery. As an additional indicator, the residents welcome the integrated services that are carried out and can be developed for other health services.
Introduction : Dengue infection occurs at a large scale in Indonesia, especially in Kupang City. The incidence rate of dengue infection in January 2019 was 245 cases and caused 15 deaths. The number of cases and mortality at Kupang City increased in 2019. In 2018, dengue infection attacked 210 persons, and one person died due the infection. Thus Kupang City was determined to have extraordinary incidents of dengue infection by the government. Aim : This research was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between larvae index and the behavior of eradicating mosquito nest with the incidence of dengue infection in the city of Kupang. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design and data collection was carried out by random sampling with a total sample of 60 samples divided into three working areas of the health center and secondary data in the form of the incidence of dengue infections obtained from the health center in January-June 2019 period. Results: there was a significant relationship between the behavior of eradicating mosquito nest with the incidence rate of dengue infection in Kupang City (p=0,006). A significant correlation between larva existence with the incidence rate of dengue infection (p=0,006) and significant correlation between the behavior of eradicating mosquito with larva existence (p=0,000). Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between the behavior of eradicating mosquito nests and larva existence with the incidence rate of dengue infection at Kupang City.
Introduction: Dengue infection is an infection caused by the dengue virus. Communitywidespread cases of morbidity and mortality are often found in Extraordinary Events (KLB) in Indonesia, especially in children. Purpose:The purpose of this study was to prove the correlation between the duration of fever, hepatomegaly, and overweight with dengue shock syndrome in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a case-control approach-the subject in this study was data of dengue infection patients aged 5-14 years. The research instrument used was the patient's medical record data for the period June 2018-June 2019. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square statistical test. Results:The results showed that there was a significant correlation (p<0.05) between the duration of fever (OR=0,35;p=0,04), hepatomegaly (OR=3,34;p=0,022), and overweight (OR=2,88;p=0,033) with dengue shock syndrome in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Conclusion:There is a significant relationship between the duration of fever, hepatomegaly, overweight with dengue shock syndrome.
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