El presente artículo analiza aspectos referentes al cultivo de nopal en la Delegación Milpa Alta de la Ciudad de México. En primera instancia se efectúa un estudio comparativo de tipos de tratamiento para la fertilización del nopal, el cual se realizó mediante un proceso experimental donde se analizaron rendimientos y características con diferentes fertilizantes, que permitió identificar un sistema a base de lixiviados como una alternativa con mayor eficiencia. Por otro lado, se estableció una metodología para la extracción del mucílago de nopal a través de la selección, secado y molienda para elaborar un aditivo que permitió estimar el contenido de azucares y nivel de acidez en laboratorio. En una parcela experimental se llevo a cabo el proceso de muestreo que permitió cultivar el nopal con las condiciones climatológicas y propiedades del suelo de la región, así como en diferentes modalidades de fertilización para evaluar rendimientos y calidad.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el secado técnico convencional de madera de chalamite (Pinus pseudostrobus) utilizando un diseño factorial 22. Se aplicaron dos programas de secado: uno acelerado con temperatura inicial de 76 °C y final de 87 °C y otro suave con temperatura inicial de 60 °C y final de 82 °C, combinado con dos velocidades de aire: 2,05 ms-1 y 3,35 ms-1. Las variables respuesta evaluadas fueron: tiempo de secado y calidad de la madera seca. De acuerdo con los resultados el tiempo de secado es afectado por la intensidad del programa, y la calidad de la madera depende del programa de secado y de la velocidad del aire. Estadísticamente se observó que un programa de secado con temperaturas de 76 ºC a 87 ºC y velocidad de aire de 3.35 ms-1 redujo el tiempo de secado y la generación de defectos en la madera seca.
Introduction: The use of vegetable proteins as ingredients in food systems is based on their functional properties. The water and oil holding capacity, foaming, and emulsifying capacity/stability, and antioxidant assay of the protein fractions - albumins, globulins 7S/11S, glutelins and prolamins - isolated from Leucaena seed were evaluated. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional properties and antioxidant capacity of the concentrate and protein fractions of ripe Leucaena spp. seeds. Materials and methods: Ripe Leucaena seeds were collected and evaluated in Oaxaca, Mexico (16°59’21’’N 96°43’26’’O) during the months of February-April 2021.The protein concentrate was isolated by isoelectric precipitation (pH=9, pH=4). The albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins were isolated based on their solubility properties in different extracting solutions. Results: Glutelins constituted the main protein fraction (75.88%). Prolamins were not found. The glutelins fractions showed the highest oil holding capacity (0.93±0.08 mL g-1). The albumins fraction had the highest water holding capacity (2.53±0.15 mL g-1), foaming capacity and foam stability (71.83±1.26 % and 70.00±0.00%, respectively) and antioxidant capacity (18.09±0.88%). The globulins exhibited the highest emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability (56.83±1.76% and 55.67±1.20%, respectively). Conclusions: The concentrate and protein fraction of Leucaena seeds showed different techno-functional and antioxidant properties of interest for the food industry, like those showed by other commercial vegetable proteins.
Edible coatings, applied to food before convective drying, could preserve the sensory and nutritional properties of dehydrated products. The effect of an edible coating of HPMC with natural extracts was studied on the color change and antioxidant content of dehydrated apple slices. The HPMC coating did not affect the water loss during the drying and favored a high retention of total phenolic compounds (TPC). The white index (WI) was significantly higher in sample with HPMC than those without coating. The combination of HPMC coating with extracts preserve the color and TPC compared to the only use of HPMC or extracts.
The consumption of legume seeds has benefits for human nutrition and health. Seeds of Leucaena leucocephala and Leucaena esculenta are fast-growing legumes that are used for a variety of purposes. In general, they are used to preserve/restore the soil; the foliage can be used as fodder for livestock and the seeds for human consumption in rural populations. Leucaena seeds are a source of nutrition, since they contain proteins, carbohydrates and lipids (including omega 3, 6 and 9 unsaturated acids). The protein fraction has shown pharmaceutical effects of interest (analgesic, lipolytic, emollient, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant and anti-diabetic) and some techno-functional properties for the food industry. However, the main limitation to the human consumption of leucaena seeds is the presence of mimosine, an antinutrient that produces side effects such as alopecia, growth retardation, cataracts and infertility in animals. In this sense, some technological processes that could contribute to its decrease. This work was carried out at the Nutraceuticals Department of the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Regional Development, Oaxaca Unit, Mexico. A comprehensive and integrative review of research work carried out in different parts of the world was conducted. The bibliographic search was carried out from January 2020 to January 2022. Several databases such as Scopus, Latindex, Dialnet, Redalyc.org, FAO and Academic Google were explored. A total of 81 documents were used to prepare this review document. This review integrates aspects related to the potential use of leucaena seeds in human nutrition: nutritional composition, pharmacological, techno-functional properties, the processes to improve digestibility and reduce toxicity.
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