Highlights
We studied facial identity and expression processing in adults with and without autism.
No group differences were observed on standard behavioural face processing tasks.
No group differences were observed in average activity in face related brain areas.
No group differences were observed in neural representations and repetition suppression.
Minor group-differences were observed in functional connectivity, involving amygdala.
We present a patient with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis who developed a neuroleptic malignant syndrome when treated for hallucinations with a very low dose of risperidone, an atypical neuroleptic medication with usually few extrapyramidal side-effects. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in this condition may make these patients more vulnerable to this severe adverse effect.
Abstract. Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a productive, drought-tolerant and multipurpose food security crop grown in the densely populated Ethiopian highlands. It is a so-called orphan crop, and its production suffers from a lack of information on proper soil fertility management and its interaction with bacterial wilt disease caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. The aim of this study was therefore to assess soil–plant nutrient variation within enset home gardens at three altitudes (ranging from 2000 to 3000 m above sea level – a.s.l.) in the Gamo highlands and investigate whether this variation affects disease prevalence. Altitude in the rift valley covaries with soil leaching, and plant available P, Ca and Mg in soils significantly raised with decreasing altitude. Soil carbon and most nutrients reached very high levels in the gardens, whereas the more distant outfields were severely nutrient deprived. Differences in management intensity within the garden caused soil pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, total N and available P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe levels to significantly decline with distance from the house; yet, this decrease in soil nutrients was not mirrored in a response of foliar nutrient content, except for N. Hence, over-fertilization is likely, and establishing evidence-based nutrient recommendations for enset would benefit soil quality and productivity both in the gardens and in the outfields. Disease prevalence was high in the study area, with one-third of the farms affected in the recent past. Although more experimental work is needed to exclude confounding factors, our data indicate that the effects of altitude, P fertilization, micronutrients and K-Ca-Mg balance are promising avenues for further investigation into Xanthomonas wilt disease susceptibility.
BACKGROUND
Although social media has become an increasingly effective vehicle through which to disseminate health promotion resources, it remains one of the least studied components of many campaigns. Research about the efficacy of perceived social support and sustained exposure to messaging for behavior change suggests that social media posts might led to positive health outcomes like smoking cessation.
OBJECTIVE
The present study analyzed the qualitative characteristics of a digital smoking cessation campaign’s posts on Facebook to determine why some posts garner higher engagement than others. The purpose of this analysis is to better understand why some posts garner higher engagement than others to help inform future behavior change promotion on Facebook.
METHODS
This study used the Facebook Ads Manager platform to run 202 posts featuring facts, inspiration, and tips about smoking cessation, with an ad setup protocol that controlled for budget, day of week, and time of day. Posts were qualitatively coded for 11 imagery or messaging variables, and assessed for rate of engagement. Videos and images were analyzed separately due to key differences in determining the outcome variable.
RESULTS
In multivariable analyses, image posts with animals (P = .004) and a neutral tone (P = .013) had the highest engagement rates, whereas video posts without sound (P < .001), that used photography (P = .004), and that had content featuring facts or inspiration (P = .004 and P = .018, respectively) performed best.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings not only help inform future content creation best practices for health communications professionals but also provide a unique methodology for optimizing social media strategy for health promotion.
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