Background: During and after mild (no hospitalization) or moderate (hospitalization without ICU) SARS-CoV-2 infections, a wide range of symptoms, including neurological disorders have been reported. It is, however, unknown if these neurological symptoms are associated with brain injury and whether brain injury and related symptoms also emerge in patients suffering from Long-COVID. Neuronal biomarkers such as serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein can be used to elucidate neuro-axonal and astroglial injuries. We therefore investigated whether these biomarkers are associated with the COVID-19 infection status (mild-to-moderate), the associated symptoms and Long-COVID. Methods: From 146 individuals of the general population with a post-acute, mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL; marker of intra-axonal neuronal injury) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP; marker of astrocytic activation/injury) were measured. Samples were taken before, during and after (five and ten months) a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individual symptoms and Long-COVID status were assessed using questionnaires. Results: Neurological symptoms were described for individuals after a mild and moderate COVID-19 infection, however, serum markers of brain injury (sNfL/sGFAP) did not change after an infection (sNfL: P = 0.74; sGFAP: P = 0.24) and were not associated with headache (P = 0.51), fatigue (P = 0.93), anosmia (P = 0.77) and ageusia (P = 0.47). In participants with Long-COVID, sGFAP (P = 0.038), but not sNfL (P = 0.58) significantly increased but was not associated with neurological symptoms. Conclusion: Neurological symptoms in individuals after a mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection with and without Long-COVID were not associated with brain injury, although there was some astroglial injury observed in Long-COVID patients. Funding: The COVI-GAPP study received grants from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI grant agreement number 101005177), the Princely House of Liechtenstein, the government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, and the Hanela Foundation (Switzerland). None of the funders played a role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the report, or decision to publish.

It is unknown whether neurological symptoms are associated with brain injury after SARS-CoV-2 infections and whether brain injury and related symptoms also emerge in Long-COVID patients. Biomarkers such as serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) can be used to elucidate neuro-axonal and astroglial injuries. We investigated whether these biomarkers are associated with COVID-19 infection status, associated symptoms and Long-COVID. From 146 individuals of the general population with a post-acute, mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, sNfL and sGFAP were measured before, during and after (five and ten months) the infection. Individual symptoms and Long-COVID status were assessed using questionnaires. Neurological associated symptoms were described for individuals after a mild and moderate COVID-19 infection; however, sNfL (p = 0.74) and sGFAP (p = 0.24) did not change and were not associated with headache (p = 0.51), fatigue (p = 0.93), anosmia (p = 0.77) or ageusia (p = 0.47). In Long-COVID patients, sGFAP (p = 0.038), but not sNfL (p = 0.58), significantly increased but was not associated with neurological associated symptoms. Long-COVID status, but not post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, may be associated with astroglial injury/activation, even if neurological associated symptoms were not correlated.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la situación sociodemográfica, el nivel de satisfacción con las competencias y el nivel de identidad institucional de los graduados. La metodología tuvo alcance descriptivo, longitudinal retrospectivo. La población estuvo conformada por 2038 graduados de las facultades de salud, ingeniería y estudios sociales y empresariales entre 2008 y 2012. Se utilizó un cuestionario de auto diligenciamiento al momento del grado. Se encontró que en la Facultad de Ingeniería la mayoría son hombres, en las tres facultades hay mayor proporción de solteros. El dominio de competencias relacionadas con el uso de la información agrupa el mayor porcentaje satisfecho en las tres facultades, con la competencia identificar y utilizar símbolos para comunicarse está satisfecho un menor porcentaje. En relación con los recursos físicos, el promedio más bajo de satisfacción se presenta con los espacios deportivos y para realizar actividades artísticas y el más alto con la biblioteca y aulas informáticas. Más del 79% está satisfecho con la formación académica, la fundamentación teórica y las relaciones interpersonales de los docentes, una menor proporción está satisfecho con el trabajo de campo. Más del 75% de los graduados de las tres facultades volvería a estudiar en la universidad, principalmente por la calidad de la formación. Finalmente los graduados tienen identidad con la institución, evidenciada en los porcentajes de satisfacción con el desarrollo de las competencias, los docentes, los recursos físicos y con algunos espacios físicos.Palabras clave: Autoevaluación, calidad, graduados, pertinencia, seguimiento Diana Lorena Cardona Montoya** María del Pilar Cerezo Correa*** Laura Patricia Giraldo Vélez **** María Mercedes Naranjo Aristizábal ***** María del Carmen Vergara Quintero ****** Situación sociodemográfica y nivel de satisfacción con la formación de los graduados de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia AbstractThis research aims at analyzing the socio-demographic situation, the level of satisfaction regarding the mastery of skills and the degree of institutional identity of graduates. The methodology had a descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective scope. 2038 graduates between 2008 and 2012 and who belonged to the health, engineering and social and business studies faculties participated in this research. They did a survey at the moment of their graduation. The results showed that most of the graduates from the engineering faculty were men, and there was a higher rate of singleness within the three faculties. The mastery of skills related to the satisfactory use of information gathered the highest percentage within the three faculties, whereas competences to identify and use symbols to communicate showed a lower percentage. In relation to facilities, the lowest satisfaction percentage was to sports and artistic locations, whereas the highest was for the library and computer rooms. More than 79% are satisfied with the academic training, theoretical foundatio...

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