In this chapter, we present BECOME (Behavior Change recOMender systEm), a modular Recommender System built to cope with issues like personalization, adaptation, and delivery of contents pertinently designed to solve idiosyncrasies of various topics in the healthcare field. The main objective is to empower citizens or patients to make informed decisions to improve their health condition. It deals with a double-edged personalization process as one of the key aspects to fostering self-empowerment: content dynamically personalized and adapted as new information is gathered and flexibility in the strategies and timings of the delivery. Thus, we take personalization one step further by not only tailoring the content, which is the standard customization strategy, but also adapting its timings and complexity in a dynamic manner while dealing with the feeling of having an entity (the coach) behind, ready to help. To show the modularity of the system and the diverse ways of interaction, different studies representing various use cases are presented.
Mobile health applications (apps) have been shown to be effective for improving eating habits. However, most of the existing apps rely on calorie and nutrient counting which have several limitations including the difficulty in sustaining long-term use, inaccuracy, and the risk of developing eating disorders. We designed and developed a mHealth framework for nutritional behaviour change, integrated into the CarpeDiem app, that focuses on the intake of key food groups which are known to have a higher impact on health indicators instead of the intake of nutrients. This framework is mainly based on a gamified system that delivers personalized dietary missions to the user and provides motivational recommendations that help the user to achieve these missions. Its design was guided by an evidenced-based theory of behavioural change, the HAPA model, and it is also characterized by the personalization of the system and the use of a recommender system based on advanced artificial intelligence techniques. Overall, the approach used in the present app could foster a sustained improvement of eating habits among the general population, which is the main challenge of dietary interventions, decreasing the risk of developing the chronic diseases associated with unhealthy dietary habits.
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