Key messageThe optical brightener SCRI Renaissance 2200 can be used as versatile dye to study various aspects of plant reproduction by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Abstract The study of sexual reproduction of plants has traditionally relied on light microscopy in combination with a variety of staining methods. Transgenic lines that label specific cell or tissue types with fluorescent proteins in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy were an important development to visualize gametophyte development, the fertilization process, and to follow cell differentiation in the early embryo. Staining the cell perimeter to identify surrounding tissue is often a necessary prerequisite to put the fluorescent signal in the right context. Here, we present SCRI Renaissance 2200 (SR2200) as a versatile dye to study various aspects of plant reproduction ranging from pollen tube growth, guidance and reception to the early patterning process in the developing embryo of Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SR2200 can be combined with a wide variety of fluorescent proteins. If spectral information can be recorded, even double labeling with dyes that have very similar emission spectra such as 4′,6-diamidin-2-phenylindol (DAPI) is possible. The presented staining method can be a single, easy-to-use alternative for a range of other staining protocols commonly used for microscopic analyses in plant reproductive biology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00497-015-0267-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Introduction: Falls with injury are the most prevalent hospital adverse event. The objective of this project was to refine fall risk and prevention icons for a patient-centric bedside toolkit to promote patient and nurse engagement in accurately assessing fall risks and developing a tailored fall prevention plan.Methods: Eighty-eight patients and 60 nurses from 2 academic medical centers participated in 4 iterations of testing to refine 6 fall risk and 10 fall prevention icons. During individual interviews, participants rated their satisfaction with the degree to which that icon represented the concept on a 4-point Likert scale, enabling computation of a Content Validity Index (CVI), and provided comments and suggestions for improvement. After reviewing CVI scores and feedback, the research team consulted with the illustrator to revise the icons.Results: Content Validity Index scores improved after icon modifications. Icons that depicted multiple concepts required further iterations to be acceptable.Discussion: Using icons to depict an accurate and easy-to-interpret fall risk assessment and intervention plan for all care team members including patients and family to follow should lead to improved adherence with that plan and decreased falls.Conclusions: All 16 icons were refined and used to form the basis for a bedside fall prevention toolkit.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.