The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship among life-history experiences, sex-role orientation, self-esteem, and females' vocational preferences according to Holland's typology. The sample consisted of 296 undergraduate female college students. Data were gathered from the Strong Interest Inventory (SII; Hansen & Campbell, 1985), the Biographical Questionnaire (BQ; Owens, 1971), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1981), and the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 1987). Multiple discriminant analyses revealed that 77.2% of the variance in RIASEC group membership could be explained by the discriminating variables. Life-history information was more predictive of vocational interests than either sex-role orientation or self-esteem. The results were discussed in the context of previous research on predicting the vocational interests of females.
INTRODUCTION 1 Holland's Vocational Typology 2 Primary assumptions 2 Secondary assumptions 8 Principles underlying Holland's vocational typology 10 Validity of the theory 13 Women's Issues 19 Changing trends in labor force participation 19 Antecedents of occupational choice 21 Congruence of vocational interests and values 28 Life History Experiences 30 A review of the determinants of vocational preference 34 Life history experiences and women 38 Sex-Roles 44 Theoretical underpinnings 44 Research trends 48 Shifting attitudes toward women's sex-roles 50 Sex-role research and women 53 Sex-role socialization 58 Self-Esteem 63 Self-esteem defined 63 Self-esteem's relationship to vocational behavior 66 Self-esteem and life history 69 Sex-roles and self-esteem 72 Models of self-esteem 79 The Present Study 82 METHOD 85 Subjects 85 Instruments 85 Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) 85 Biographical Questionnaire (BQ) 89 iii Page Bern Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) 91 Self-Esteein Inventory (SEI) 96 Procedure 97 Data Analyses 98 Primary analyses 100 Secondary analyses 103 RESULTS 105 Descriptive Statistics 105 Primary Analyses 109 Multiple discriminant analyses 109 Full models 109 Reduced models 117 Canonical correlations 127 Hypotheses tests 131 Secondary Analyses 134 Pearson correlations 134 Multiple regressions 134 DISCUSSION • 141 Interpretation of Statistical Results 141 Primary analyses 14i Multiple discriminant analyses 141 Canonical correlational analysis Hypotheses tests 151 Secondary analyses Overview of Statistical Results Conclusions Methodological Issues 164 The measurement instruments 164 The sen 164 iv Page The BSRI 167 The SEI 169 Self-report data 170 Sampling 171 Social desirability 172
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