Health disparities among historically disadvantaged populations can undermine the effectiveness of eHealth and mHealth interventions and limit their acceptability among diverse community members. The twin aims of this umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) are to summarise the evidence on the characteristics and effectiveness of eHealth and mHealth interventions among underserved populations in developed counties and provide recommendations to community organizers, policy makers and researchers. Comprehensive searches were conducted in bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and references lists for SRs published in English between 2000 and 2019. SRs were selected following a protocol registered with PROSPERO. Two independent reviewers were involved in the selection appraisal process, quality assessment and data extraction process. Six SRs met the inclusion criteria for this umbrella review. The six SRs concerned interventions delivered by computer programmes, cell-phones or other electronic devices. The studies in the SRs reported improvements to physiological wellbeing, health knowledge and self-management, as well as improvements in psychosocial outcomes. This umbrella review concludes with recommendations for community organizers, policy makers and researches for the formation of guidelines, inclusion of target community members in the development of eHealth interventions and directions for future research.
We are calling for a new area of research on the nexus of community well-being and artificial intelligence (AI). Three components of this research we propose are (1) the development and use of well-being metrics to measure the impacts of AI; (2) the use of community-based approaches in the development of AI; and (3) development of AI interventions to safeguard or improve community well-being. After providing definitions of community, well-being, and community well-being, we suggest a definition of AI for use by community well-being researchers, with brief explanations of types and uses of AI within this context. A brief summary of threats and opportunities facing community well-being for which AI could potentially present solutions or exacerbate problems is provided. The three components we propose are then discussed, followed by our call for cross-sector, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary and systems-based approaches for the formation of this proposed area of research.
The Happiness Index is a comprehensive survey instrument that assesses happiness, well-being, and aspects of sustainability and resilience. The Happiness Alliance developed the Happiness Index to provide a survey instrument to community organizers, researchers, and others seeking to use a subjective well-being index and data. It is the only instrument of its kind freely available worldwide and translated into over ten languages. This instrument can be used to measure satisfaction with life and the conditions of life. It can also be used to define income inequality, trust in government, sense of community and other aspects of well-being within specific demographics of a population. This manuscript documents the development the Happiness Index between 2011 and 2015, and includes suggestions for implementation.
This essay, the fourth and last of a series published by the<em> Journal of Social Change</em>, is intended as a tool for community organizers, local policy makers, researchers, students and others to incorporate subjective well-being indicators into their measurements and management of happiness and well-being in their communities, for policy purposes, for research and for other purposes. It provides case studies of community-based efforts in five different regions (São Paulo, Brazil; Bristol, United Kingdom; Melbourne, Australia; Creston, British Columbia, Canada; and Vermont, United States) that either developed their own subjective well-being index or used the Happiness Alliance’s survey instrument to measure happiness and well-being. The essay offers lessons to consider when using subjective well-being indicator survey instruments. Finally, the essay provides a process for measuring happiness using the Happiness Alliance’s survey instrument.
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