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W e have prepared two new tetracyclic phenylboronic esters 4 and 5 derived from myo-inositol and from 1,2-0-isopropylider;~e-myo-inositol, respectively. The structures of these compounds were established from NMR and IR spectra, elemental analyses, and an Xray INTROD UCTI0.NWe are involved in the study of organic boron derivatives of cyclitols principally derived from bi-"To whom correspondence should be addressed.ologically active molecules such as quinic acid 121. The study of the reactivity of polyfunctional organic molecules toward the boron reagents affords relevant information about the structures. In addition, the possibility of introducing several boron atoms in a small organic molecule could be of interest in the search for boron targets for neutron cancer therapy. We are also interested in the electronic behavior of boron and in knowing how coordination or retrocoordination may stabilize new structures [3].Myo-inositol 1 is a very important biological substance involved in several cell functions and its derivatives are being actively studied [4]. Compound 1 contains a cyclohexane ring with six hydroxy groups. Its preferred conformation has five equatorial oxygen atoms and one axial oxygen [SI.The polyfunctional character of 1 makes it possible to obtain several polycyclic compounds by reaction with phenylboronic acid. One, two, or three boronate groups can be introduced.Reaction of 1 with 2,2-dimethoxypropane affords selectively compound 2 showing that the equatorial and axial hydroxy groups (C-1 and C-2 or C-2 and C-3) are more reactive than the other groups [61. Under stronger acidic conditions, a second compound 3, among others, can be obtained corresponding to a second dioxolane ring bridging C-4 and C-5. In both dioxolane derivatives, the cyclohexane conformation is the same as in 1 [7].We were interested in investigating the reaction of 1 with different amounts of phenylboronic acid in order to see if it followed the same behavior as that observed in the dioxolane formation and whether it was possible to obtain products with 0 1994 VCH Publishers, Inc

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are unpredictable autoimmune-like toxicities induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). irAEs are a consequence of a breakdown in self-tolerance. ICIs can induce autoantibody formation, and the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) has been reported in patients who developed irAEs. Our goal was to compare ANA patterns by indirect immunofluorescence at different timepoints before (baseline) and after the initiation of ICI treatment and to analyze the role of ANA pattern changes as predictors of irAEs. This is a 2-year-follow-up prospective study of 152 consecutive patients with solid tumors treated with anti-PD-(L)1 blockade agents. They were included from September 2018 until March 2020 in the Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain). We grouped patients into three groups: ANA de novo (patients who showed new ANA patterns at any time after ICI initiation), ANA (ANA positive at baseline without changes in the ANA patterns after initiation of treatment) and non-ANA (ANA negative at baseline and after ICI initiation). We did not find any association between the appearance of ANAs and irAE rates or the number and types of irAEs. However, patients in the ANA de novo group showed higher severe irAE rates (grade ≥ 3) than the other groups. Additionally, in most of the patients with severe irAEs (83.3%), changes in ANA patterns preceded irAE onset. In conclusion, we found ANA induction during ICI therapies in 22 patients and our results suggest that the appearance of ANAs may predict the severity of the irAE.

Se presentan los resultados de las colectas con trampas de luz fluorescente y colectas manuales directas de especies de Phyllophaga, efectuadas entre abril 2009 y julio 2010 en dos sitios de Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, ubicados a 1550 msnm. Se capturaron representantes de 13 especies: Phyllophaga lenis (Horn), P. macrocera (Bates), P. nubipennis (Bates), P. parvisetis (Bates), P. cinnamomea (Blanchard), P. ravida (Blanchard), P. misteca (Bates), P. vetula (Horn), P. obsoleta (Blanchard), P. scabripyga (Bates), P. chiapensis (Chapin), P. porodera (Bates) y P. integriceps (Moser). El grupo de especies con mayor número de representantes fue “anodentata” con cinco especies. La especie más abundante fue P. lenis, con 3,107 de los 3,251 ejemplares capturados durante los dos años. Se incluye una clave para identificar los machos de las 13 especies, así como fotografías de las estructuras diagnósticas para cada especie

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly expanded worldwide. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict respiratory worsening in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Small studies explored the use of Krebs von de Lungen-6 circulating serum levels (sKL-6) as a prognostic biomarker of the worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia. We aimed at a large study to determine the prognostic value of sKL-6 in predicting evolving trends in COVID-19. We prospectively analyzed the characteristics of 836 patients with COVID-19 with mild lung disease on admission. sKL-6 was obtained in all patients at least at baseline and compared among patients with or without respiratory worsening. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to find the optimal cutoff level. A total of 159 (19%) patients developed respiratory worsening during hospitalization. Baseline sKL-6 levels were not higher in patients who had respiratory worsening (median {IQR} 315.5 {209–469} vs. 306 {214–423} U/ml p = 0.38). The last sKL-6 and the change between baseline and last sKL-6 were higher in the respiratory worsening group (p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The best sKL-6 cutoff point for respiratory worsening was 497 U/ml (area under the curve 0.52; 23% sensitivity and 85% specificity). sKL-6 was not found to be an independent predictor of respiratory worsening. A conditional inference tree (CTREE) was not useful to discriminate patients at risk of worsening. We found that sKL-6 had a low sensibility to predict respiratory worsening in patients with mild-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia and may not be of use to assess the risk of present respiratory worsening in inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Se describe el tercer estadio larval de Phyllophaga lenis (Horn, 1887) con especímenes criados en laboratorio, cuyos progenitores fueron capturados en un campo agrícola de Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca. Se incluyen las imágenes de los caracteres diagnósticos, notas sobre su biología y hábitos, comentarios acerca de las diferencias con otras especies mexicanas parecidas y una clave para separar las larvas de 15 especies de Phyllophaga en México.

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