PurposeThis article aims to analyse various wine differentiation strategies (price, origin, type and production system) to counteract the commercial success of new wine producers compared to traditional ones.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology consisted of a survey of 400 Castilla‐La Mancha wine consumers during the month of March 2004, whose preferences were determined through several multivariate techniques.FindingsThree consumer segments were identified: the first shops for wine mainly by price, the second, by origin and the third, by a combination of price and type of wine. In this sense, except for the first segment, where competition by a cheaper wine from other places could endanger the local market, possible strategies would be to continue emphasising origin in a traditional approach and to search for a new wine differentiation based on organic production. Both strategies, which can be carried out jointly, would require government backing in addition to support from the business sector.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a greater knowledge of Spanish consumer habits by analysing the degree of influence that various factors have on attitudes towards the purchasing of wine.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship intervention on antibiotic consumption in a primary health care (PHC) area in Spain. Quasi-experimental study conducted in a PHC area with nine PHC centers, a 400-bed acute care teaching hospital, and 18 nursing homes serving a population of 260,561. The intervention was based on the 2016 CDC Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship publication and targeted 130 PHC physicians, 41 PHC pediatricians, 19 emergency physicians, and 18 nursing home physicians. The components were commitment, actions for improving antibiotic prescribing, tracking and feedback, and education and experience. The primary outcome was overall antibiotic consumption. Secondary outcomes were consumption of antibiotics to treat pharyngotonsillitis, acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, and urinary tract infection (UTI), percentage of patients treated with specific antibiotics, and dispensing costs. Consumption was measured in defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) and compared pre-and postintervention (2016 vs. 2018). Overall antibiotic consumption decreased from 16.01 to 13.31 DID (−16.85%). Consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and quinolones decreased from 6.04 to 4.72 DID (−21.88%) and 1.64 to 1.23 DID (−25.06%), respectively. The percentage of patients treated with antibiotics decreased from 26.99 to 22.41%. The intervention resulted in cost savings of €72,673. Use of antibiotics to treat pharyngotonsillitis, UTI, and acute otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis decreased significantly. Our antimicrobial stewardship program led to a decrease in antibiotic consumption and significantly improved the use of antibiotics for the most prevalent PHC infections.

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In this research an alternative is proposed for viticulture producers that would allow them to maintain their income and prevent the abandonment of their agricultural activity. The proposed alternative is the production of organic wine with subsequent commercialization in the local market. The suitability of the alternative is measured by the acceptance of the product in local markets. This acceptance was determined through contingent valuation, which relates probability of purchase to willingness to pay (WTP). Since regional differences could exist for product acceptance, the preliminary hypothesis was formulated that the importance of the viticulture sector in the regional economy makes consumers value farm work more highly and pay more for sustainable agricultural practices. Two regions of Spain were taken into consideration because of the different weight of their agricultural activity: Castile-La Mancha and the Community of Valencia. A survey of 800 wine consumers was made (400 from each region) to determine WTP. From the results it was shown on the one hand that organizing organic wine in local markets can be a profitable alternative for wine producers and, on the other hand, consumers from regions where wine production shares a larger proportion of the regional economy are willing to pay more for organic wine.