Technical capabilities for significant improvements in communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) over the oceans are currently available through the use of satellites. However, all aircraft operators will not equip simultaneously because of the high costs required. Consequently, as these CNS systems are integrated into the oceanic air transportation architecture, the controller will have to manage a mixed equipage fleet. Also, planned reductions in separation minima are based on aircraft equipage, therefore oceanic controllers will need to apply a set of mixed separation standards. The cognitive effects of the mixed equipage environment were studied through field observations and experimental analysis. The results confirm that methods are needed to minimize human performance issues with integrating mixed CNS equipage, and ensure safety and efficiency in the mixed equipage environment.
In this paper, we introduce the motivation for and design of and integrated flight instrument display component for use during vertical landing and hover operations of a future Lunar lander to support the vision to return to the Moon. A description of the human-system interface design approach to include a cognitive task analysis is outlined. The results of the analysis and the design of the resultant precision landing aid are discussed. The proposed integrated flight instrument display component, the Vertical Altitude and Velocity Indicator (VAVI), which leverages ecological perception through emergent features, is described in detail as well as the motivation and the rationale behind its design. The applicability of the precision landing aid to the aviation domain for use in V/STOL aircraft and rotorcraft is also discussed.
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