During the 20th century, there has been an ongoing agricultural expansion and global warming, two of the main determinants influencing biodiversity changes in Argentina. The red hocicudo mouse (Oxymycterus rufus) inhabits subtropical grasslands and riparian habitats and has increased its abundance in recent years in central Argentina agroecosystems. This paper describes the long‐term temporal changes in O. rufus abundance in Exaltación de la Cruz department, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, in relation to weather fluctuations and landscape features, as well as analyzes the spatio‐temporal structure of captures of animals. We used generalized liner models, semivariograms, the Mantel test, and autocorrelation functions for the analysis of rodent data obtained from trappings conducted between 1984 and 2014. O. rufus showed an increase in abundance across the years of study, with its distribution depending on landscape features, such as habitat types and the distance to floodplains. Capture rates showed a spatio‐temporal aggregation, suggesting expansion from previously occupied sites. O. rufus was more abundant at lower minimum temperatures in summer, higher precipitation in spring and summer, and lower precipitations in winter. Weather conditions affected O. rufus abundance, but there was local variation that differed from global patterns of climate change.

We present evidence of common vampire bats Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810) attacking two wild exotic mammals; the wild pig Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) and the chital deer Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777). Observations were made in El Palmar National Park, Entre Rios province (Argentina) using camera traps. To our knowledge, this is the f rst report documenting attacks of vampire bats to exotic wild mammals in Argentina. RESUMEN Presentamos evidencias sobre murciélagos vampiros comunes Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1810) atacando a dos mamíferos exóticos salvajes; el jabalí Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) y el ciervo Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777). Las observaciones se realizaron en el Parque Nacional El Palmar, Provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina) mediante cámaras trampa. Este es el primer reporte que documenta el ataque de murciélagos vampiros a mamíferos salvajes exóticos en Argentina.

Comparación morfológica de heces de Mazama gouazoubira y el ciervo introducido Axis axis (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) RESUMENEl uso de signos para la identificación de especies de mamíferos terrestres es una metodología muy utilizada para estudiar, de forma indirecta, su presencia y abundancia en un lugar. Sin embargo, muchas veces puede dificultarse la identificación por la coexistencia de especies taxonómicamente cercanas. En gran parte del noreste de Argentina conviven dos especies de cérvidos, Mazama gouazoubira (G.Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814) y Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777). El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las heces de ambas especies para facilitar la tarea de identificación en trabajos de campo. La forma de las heces es similar en ambas especies, sin embargo, el tamaño de las heces de M. gouazoubira es significativamente más pequeño que el de A. axis, principalmente en el ancho de los pellets.

The honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) is one of the most aggressive tree invaders of savannas and grasslands worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine whether landscape elements could act as potential determinants on honey locust invasion of woodlots of an agricultural matrix of the Pampean ecoregion. Specifically, we assessed the effect of distance to the previously established woodlots, to corridors such as riparian habitats, railway terraces and roads, and the presence of livestock and land use through generalized linear models. The study was carried out in a rural area of the Exaltaci on de la Cruz Department of the Buenos Aires Province (34°19' S and 59°14' W), located in the Pampean ecoregion, in the Rolling Pampa complex, Argentina. In each woodlot, the presence or absence of honey locust and the number of individuals intercepted along line transects were recorded. Furthermore, the presence of cattle and the land use around the woodlot were registered. All woodlots were geo-positioned to calculate distances to landscape elements of interest. According to our results, the colonization capacity and the abundance of honey locust increases as distance to the nearest woodlot with the presence of the species decreases, suggesting that propagule pressure is a key factor for honey locust invasion. Also, cattle promote the increase in the abundance of the species in woodlots of the agricultural system studied. The probability of presence was also increased with the proximity to main roads and decreased with the proximity to the nearest human settlement. Our results highlight the importance of reducing the abundance of the species in invaded woodlots and cattle pathways and in case of moving animals from an invaded to a non-invaded area. It is also recommended to maintain animals in quarantine before transporting them in order to allow animals to eliminate honey locust seeds.