The angulation of equine incisors is frequently used as a parameter for dental corrections. However, the term incisor angle is only vaguely defined, and no studies exist presenting a series of reliable measurements in individual incisors of multiple horses. The aim of this study was to establish an exact method to determine incisor angles and to test whether clinically accessible landmarks (facial crest and bars) are suitable to estimate incisor angles. Eighteen horses were used to create 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the skulls from computed tomography (CT) data sets. Reference planes (median and transverse plane) were calculated using defined anatomical landmarks. Subsequently, occlusal planes for incisors and for incisor quadrants were calculated. Occlusal table angles were measured in relation to the reference planes. For each incisor, sagittal and transverse angles were measured. Mean values of individual incisor angles ranged from 3.5° to 6.8° (transverse angle) and from 32.6° to 44.9° (sagittal angle). No significant differences were detected in mean between the left and the right side when teeth in same Triadan positions were compared. However, in individual horses, marked differences between the left and the right side of the jaws occurred. Mandibular incisors showed significantly steeper sagittal angles than maxillary incisors. Furthermore, angles of opposing incisors were correlated with each other. The facial crest and the upper jaw bars featured a curved shape and were therefore of limited use to estimate the angulation of the upper incisors. In contrast, the lower jaw bars were suitable to determine the angulations of lower incisors.
Obwohl sich der Esel als Haustier in Deutschland immer größerer Beliebtheit erfreut, gilt er bei einigen Tierärzten weiterhin als Exot, der viel zu häufig als kleines Pferd behandelt und auch therapiert wird. Neben vielen Gemeinsamkeiten gibt es jedoch einige wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen Pferd und Esel, die nicht nur in einer teilweise abweichenden Anatomie, sondern auch im Verhalten, in der Physiologie sowie in der Pharmakokinetik bestehen.Abb. 1 Esel mit der typischen kurzen Stehmähne und dem einer Rute ähnelnden Schwanz.Abb. 2 Maultiere entstehen aus einer Kreuzung aus Eselhengst und Pferdestute, hier ein junger Maultierhengst.
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