The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the longest-produced sweetwater fish species, the global production of which covers around 3.4% (4.4 million tons in 2015) of the world’s fish production and fisheries. Carp is the third most significant fish species of the world’s aquaculture production and 97.3% of its global production is originated from aquaculture. Furthermore, carp amounts to 8.3% of the world’s aquaculture fish production. Its feed technology is fish meal-independent and is mainly based on cereals. In Europe, the common carp is the most important fish species of aquaculture populated with extensive polyculture. The Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Germany and Croatia are among the biggest carp production countries of the European Union. The combined output of the TOP 3 carp production countries of the EU (CZ, PL, HU) amounts to 67.7% of the EU-28 (2015). Trade between EU countries is done primarily in the form of live fish and secondarily as fresh, primary processed carp.
Nowadays, the importance of food in the preservation and restoration of health has become more and more important, as the number of people suffering from diabetes, cardiovascular disease and various food allergies is increasing. In many cases, there is a problem with what is the recommended range of foods, and what is (the meaning of) a healthy and healthconscious diet. The focus of our study is on the nutritional habits of young university students, as the health consciousness of this age group plays a prominent role at both domestic and international level. The primary purpose of the research is to map the daily dietary habits university students in Debrecen to the recommendations of the nutritional pyramid of dietary nutrition and good nutrition created by dietitians. The basis of our primary study was the observational procedure by creating a food diary and fill it with the randomly chosen students, during which we could observe the quality and quantity of food consumed by them during their daily meals. On the basis of the results, the dietitians expected and actual food consumption in the case of the target group were able to compared, on the basis of which it can be concluded that the eating habits of the university students of Debrecen fall short of the healthy eating recommendation.
The scale of Hungarian slaughterhouses is small in international comparison and the cost of slaughter and cutting a pig of average live weight is relatively high at 16.1-19.4 EUR on average. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost of pig slaughter and cutting through the case study of a medium-scale plant in Hungary. Based on data from the enterprise, a calculation was performed in relation to the “output” quantity of pig slaughter and cutting, as well as its value and the cost and cost structure of processing. The capacity of the examined plant and its utilisation were analysed and cost reductions were estimated for various increases of output. In 2015, the direct cost of slaughter and cutting was 18.9 EUR per pig for the medium-scale plant which processed 100 thousand pigs. When the purchase cost of pigs is excluded, labour costs accounted for the highest share (30%) of costs, followed by services (29%) and energy costs (21%). For this reason, the level of wages and employer’s contributions has a rather high significance. Analysis showed that significant increases in Hungarian minimum wage and guaranteed living wage in 2017 resulted in an estimated 7% increase in the cost of slaughter and cutting compared to 2015, despite the decrease of contributions. The capacity utilisation of the plant was a low 28% when compared to a single 8-hour shift considered full capacity. The cost of slaughter and cutting was estimated to be reduced to 14.2-17.0 EUR per pig if the plant operated at full capacity. This may be considered a lower bound estimate of cost because there are numerous restricting factors on optimising capacity utilisation, such as: 1) number of live animals available for purchase and related logistics; 2) cooling capacity availability; 3) labour availability; 4) market position of the enterprise and potential for marketing additional pig meat products. Enterprises of this scale are recommended to consider producing more value-added products and, accordingly, investing in product development. JEL Classification: Q13, Q19
Within global meat production, the position of fish and fishery products are becoming more and more important because quarter of world's animal origin protein supply is produced by fisheries and aquaculture. Therefore, the importance of freshwater fish production is also growing at both European and domestic levels. Most determinative quantities of EU-28 production at intensive technological levels are salmon (21.3%), trout (14%) and seabass (13.5%), in the aspect of the value of production trout is almost 15.1%. The goal of this study is to present the status of the trout production at international and EU, paying special attention to the main exporting and importing countries. During the research secondary data collection was carried out, which was based on international and national literatures and statistical databases. Following the evaluation of the sectoral production trends over and above the trade data of the sector, advantages/disadvantages of the trout trade was compared based on the comparative advantages (RCA) method. To calculate the RCA index for the different processed products data was provided by COMTRADE and EUROSTAT International Foreign Trade Databases over the 2012-2015 period. The study examines the production trends and the causative relationships behind the RCA index results in detail.
The present paper discusses the findings of primary research studies related to the development of smoked fish fillet made of the barramundi fish species into a functional food, connected to product tasting. The study sought to provide information for the target audience, in our case, for consumers in hypermarkets on (1) their certain fish consumption habits, (2) their attitudes towards conscious fish consumption, (3) the reputation of the barramundi brought to the domestic market recently and the related considerations of consumers, and (4) consumers' perceptions of the latest product development, smoked barramundi enriched with substances of positive nutritional effects (e.g. vitamin complex, pumpkin-seed oil, Gingko biloba extract, Sylibum marianum oil, etc.) Our findings suggest that consumers' perceptions of the barramundi were positive as they positioned this fish species as an attractive, premium category product. The product development, i.e. the smoked barramundi fillet, as a functional food, was well received by consumers. The target audience had already tasted smoked fish earlier, and they were satisfied with the taste of the new premium product. It is important to stress that the respondents lacked a good understanding of the meaning of "functional foods"; however, they agreed with such kind of product developments. They mostly appreciated the components of functional foods with positive and preventive effects on heart and eye health. On the basis of the research it can be concluded that product development is on the right track, it fulfils all the habits, expectations and demands of the target audience related to fish consumption.
Nowadays consumer trends in chocolate consumption are changing continuously. There is an increasing role of handmade ingredients, higher cocoa content, as well as chocolate is free from preservatives, additives and plant based oils. Therefore, chocolate products are healthier. The present study focuses on the consumption of craftsman chocolate in Hajdú-Bihar county. During our studies we have done primary and secondary research data and information collection. Our research is based primarily on online questionnaires and personal interviews. During the interviews we recieved 348 evaluating questionnaires. The research results show that 58.4% of the people who live in Hajdú Bihar county consume craftsman chocolate regularly. These consumers are mainly influenced by the taste and quality in their purchase. The county's population is receptive to new ideas and is willing to spend more money on high quality products. The respondents regularly purchase and consume craftsman chocolate. Kulcsszavak: csokoládé, kézműves édesség, fogyasztói szokások, vásárlást befolyásoló tényezők, termékválasztást befolyásoló tényezők
The aim of this paper is to examine case studies of production parameters and cost/income relationships of extensive pond fish systems. There is a global increase in demand for food, which presents huge challenges for terrestrial and aquatic food production to ensure sustainability. With the rise of aquaculture, fish meal – free, cereal-based carp production is becoming increasingly valuable from the perspective of sustainability. In addition, based on its production volume, cereal-based carp production is the third most significant fish species in global terms, while carp is also dominant among fish species in Hungarian pond systems. Data collected during the analysis were processed using descriptive statistical methods. To analyse the efficiency of production, changes in income were examined using different combinations of production parameters and certain cost items (ceteris paribus). Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that, in the case of the modelled farm, a 0.56 thousand € per hectare income can be realised. The initial cost and average weight at the moment of sales can greatly influence the profitability of a farm.
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