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Total hip arthroplasty has yielded excellent results in decreasing pain and enhancing function in patients with hip degenerative disease. However, the problems associated with prosthetic failure and the consequent need for revision surgery still represent a major clinical issue. The most common reasons for revision surgery include implant loosening, periprosthetic osteolysis, infection, malalignment, stiffness, implant failure or fracture, and wear. The need for eliminating or reducing wear plays a crucial role in refining prosthesis composition and design. In this regard, it is important to develop new techniques for more accurate and reproducible measurement of wear. This should allow earlier detection of increased wear and thus permit earlier identification of patients who are at risk, and also help to identify faulty implant designs.
This work is aimed at discussing the most common in vivo and in vitro methods used for evaluating the wear of hip prosthesis components.

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