We compared HI‐PRO/increased meal frequency vs. HI‐CHO on thermic effect of meal (TEM) and plasma adiponectin (ADI) in obese men/women. Following 5d standard diet (SD, 45%CHO, 25%PRO, 30%FAT; 3meals/d) subjects randomized into: HP‐6 (40%PRO, 40%CHO, 20%FAT; 6 meals/d); HC‐3 (15%PRO, 60%CHO, 25%FAT; 3meals/day); HP‐3 (40:40:20, 3meals/d) for 1mo on energy balance (EB) followed by 1mo energy deficit (ED, 75% of EB). EB determined during 5d SD. TEM measured days 1, 28, 56 and reflected meal size/composition of 3 test phases (SD, EB, ED). TEM days included meal ingestion, 90min TEM and ADI. No differences existed among groups at d 1. Groups maintained BW during EB but decreased during ED (~2kg, P<0.05). By design, HP‐6 consumed 40% less kcals during d 28 TEM vs. d 1 (549±18 vs. 328±18 kcals, p<.01) and 25% less on TEM d 56 vs. 28 (328±18 vs. 247±13 kcals, p<.01). HC‐3 and HP‐3 TEM d 1 kcals were not diff. from TEM d 28 but decreased 25% on TEM d 56 (HC‐3, 532±28 vs. 385±23; HP‐3, 582±22 vs. 454±29kcals, p<.01). Despite less kcals during TEM d 28 & 56, HP‐6 had similar TEM on d 1, 28 & 56. In contrast, HC‐3 decreased (P<0.05) TEM on d 56 compared to d 1 & 28 (113±10, 119±10, 121±10 kcals). HP‐3 increased (P<0.05) TEM on d 28 compared with d 1 & 56 (123±4, 116±5, 116±5 kcals). ADI remained unchanged in HP‐6 but decreased on d 28 in HC‐3 and HP‐3 compared with d 1 & 56. Data suggest increased PRO (40%) and 3 or 6 meals/d enhances TEM during EB and ED and maintains ADI.
Funded by Abbott Laboratories