About 2,000 patients now await a donor lung in the United States. Worldwide, 50 million individuals are living with end-stage lung disease. Creation of a bioartificial lung requires engineering of viable lung architecture enabling ventilation, perfusion and gas exchange. We decellularized lungs by detergent perfusion and yielded scaffolds with acellular vasculature, airways and alveoli. To regenerate gas exchange tissue, we seeded scaffolds with epithelial and endothelial cells. To establish function, we perfused and ventilated cell-seeded constructs in a bioreactor simulating the physiologic environment of developing lung. By day 5, constructs could be perfused with blood and ventilated using physiologic pressures, and they generated gas exchange comparable to that of isolated native lungs. To show in vivo function, we transplanted regenerated lungs into orthotopic position. After transplantation, constructs were perfused by the recipient's circulation and ventilated by means of the recipient's airway and respiratory muscles, and they provided gas exchange in vivo for up to 6 h after extubation.

No abstract

An acute bout of endurance exercise (EE; ~45min) enhances insulin sensitivity (IS), whereas less is known regarding an acute bout of repeated sprint interval exercise (SIE). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that an acute bout of five 30sec sprints performed at 125% of VO2peak (SIE) would increase IS similar to EE for 45 minutes at 70% VO2peak. Eight healthy, sedentary, males (18–22yrs; VO2peak 45.2±4.6 ml.kg.min−1; <1.5 d/wk structured exercise; % body fat, 16.5±3.4) underwent three oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) following three conditions: no exercise the day before (OGTTN‐EX); SIE the day prior (OGTTSIE); and EE the day prior (OGTTEE). SIE and EE sessions were randomized for each subject. Subjects consumed identical meals on the day preceding each OGTT. IS following OGTTEE was significantly increased (10±2, P<0.05) compared to the OGTTN‐EX and SIE (5.6±2.5, 7.8±2.4, respectively), whereas OGTTSIE showed a strong trend (P<0.08) to be increased from OGTTN‐EX. These findings suggest that an acute bout of EE improves OGTTIS more than an acute bout of repeated SIE in normal healthy male subjects.