The purpose of this study was to compare energy expenditure and perceived comfort using two modes of carrying a golf bag. Fifteen men completed 2 trials of walking on a treadmill while carrying a golf bag. During 1 of 2 trials, an extra strap was added to convert a single-strap bag to a double-strap bag. The order was randomized. Oxygen consumption (L x min(-1)), heart rate, perceived exertion, and perceived comfort were measured during the 5-minute walk. Oxygen consumption was significantly lower carrying the double-strap golf bag (L x min(-1), p = 0.0004; ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), p < 0.0003), as were heart rate (p = 0.0013) and rate of perceived exertion (p < 0.005) During the double strap trial, the perceived comfort was higher (p < 0.005). Improvements in metabolic demands and comfort while carrying a double-strap golf bag should increase walking tolerance in golf.
The structures formed by peptide models of the N-terminal domain of the nucleolar protein nucleolin were studied by CD and nmr. The sequences of the peptides are based on the putative nucleic acid binding sequence motif TPAKK. The peptides TP1 and TP2 have the sequence acetyl-G(ATPAKKAA)nG-amide, with n = 1 and 2, respectively. CD measurements indicate structural changes in both peptides when the lysine side chains are uncharged by increasing the pH or acetylation of the side-chain amines. When trifluoroethanol (TFE) is added, more extensive structural changes are observed, resembling helical structure based on nmr nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and C alpha proton chemical shift changes, and CD spectra. The structure formed in 0.5M NaClO4 as observed by nmr is similar to that when the lysine side chains are acetylated, due presumably to interactions of perchlorate ion with side-chain charges on lysines. The helical structure observed in TPAKK motifs may be stabilized via N-capping interactions involving threonine. The structures observed in TFE suggest that the Thr-Pro sequence initiates short helical segments in TPAKK motifs, and these helical structures might interact with nucleic acids, presumably via interactions between lysines and threonines of nucleolin.
El monepantel es un nuevo antihelmíntico registrado en nuestro país exclusivamente para el control de los nematodes gastrointestinales de los ovinos y su uso ha sido direccionado mayormente hacia el control de parásitos resistentes a las clases de antihelmínticos disponibles actualmente. Estos mismos nematodes también parasitan a los caprinos, pero en estos rumiantes la pato-fisiología y la respuesta a los antihelmínticos es diferente, lo cual resulta en un mayor parasitismo y complejidad en el manejo de la resistencia. La presente comunicación informa sobre la eficacia del monepantel en dos hatos caprinos mantenidos bajo condiciones de campo y parasitados naturalmente por los géneros de nematodes gastrointestinales más comunes del área central de la Argentina (Haemonchus y Trichostrongylus) y portando alelos de resistencia múltiple (ivermectina y febendazole). El test de reducción en el conteo de huevos post tratamiento comparando diversas fórmulas, indicaron que en todos los hatos el monepantel por vía oral y a la dosis de 3,75 mg/kg de peso (1,5 veces mayor a la dosis ovina), resultó en eficacias del 99% al 100 %. Se realizan breves consideraciones sobre el uso potencial de esta droga en caprinos.
The placenta is an essential organ for pregnancy in domestic mammals. It is constituted by maternal fetal tissues and fulfills numerous functions: exchange of gases, nutrients and excretion of waste products, prevents the immune system from identifying the embryo as a foreign body and synthesizes hormones and growth factors. There is great structural diversity in placentas of different animal species, and those can be classified in different ways. The most relevant is the macroscopic morphological classification, which is based on the distribution of the placental villi in the corium of the fetus, and the histological, that relies on the number of layers between maternal and fetal blood, determining if there is immunoglobulin (Ig) transfer or it is Revista Methodo: Investigación Aplicada a las Ciencias Biológicas.
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